Pola Pelanggaran Implementasi Regulasi Marpol 73/78 Annex V di Laut Jawa
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Abstract
Indonesia merupakan negara maritim yang memiliki luas perairan 6,4 jutam km2. Perairan yang luas tentunya menjadi potensi besar di bidang pelayaran nasional. Hal ini memungkinkan banyaknya pencemaran laut yang di sebabkan oleh kapal. IMO (International Maritime Organization) mengeluarkan peraturan – peraturan mengenai penanggulangan pencemaran laut yang disebabkan oleh kapal yang tertuang pada aturan MARPOL (Maritime Pollution) 73/78 Annex V tentang pencegahan pencemaran oleh sampah. Namun, aturan yang sudah dijeluarkan oleh IMO masih banyak pelanggaran – pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh kapal di Laut Jawa. Banyak factor yang mempengaruhi pola pelanggaran peraturan Annex V antara lain kurangnya pemahaman terhadap aturan tersebut, kurangnya pengawasan petugas, kurangnya pemahaman tentang pemilahan sampah organic dan anorganik, kurangnya pemahaman ABK (Awak Buah Kapal) tentang dampak buruk pencemaran laut yang berpengaruh terhadap keberlangsungan kehidupan para biota laut. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan data dengan wawancara pada ABK kapal dengan rute pelayaran Laut Jawa dengan Teknik sampling strafix random sampling. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa pelanggaran yang terjadi karena tidak adanya proses pemilahan terhadap sampah organik dan anorganik dan pelanggaran yang dilakukan saat malam hari atau merasa tidak diawasi oleh petugas serta kurangnya pemahaman tentang dampak buruk pencemaran laut yang disebabkan oleh sampah.
Kata kunci: pencemaran laut, sampah, pelanggaran, pelayaran
Indonesia is a maritime country with 6.4 million square kilometres of water. The vast waters are certainly a great potential in the field of national shipping. This allows a lot of marine pollution caused by ships. IMO (International Maritime Organization) issued regulations regarding the prevention of marine pollution caused by ships contained in the MARPOL (Maritime Pollution) 73/78 Annex V rules on the prevention of pollution by garbage. However, the rules that have been issued by the IMO are still many violations committed by ships in the Java Sea. Many factors affect the pattern of violations of Annex V regulations, including a lack of understanding of these rules, lack of officer supervision, lack of understanding of the sorting of organic and inorganic waste, lack of understanding of crew members about the adverse effects of marine pollution which affects the survival of marine life. This research method uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques by interviewing the crew of ships with Java Sea shipping routes with strafix random sampling technique. The results of this study found that violations that occurred due to the absence of a sorting process for organic and inorganic waste and violations committed at night or felt unsupervised by officers and a lack of understanding of the adverse effects of marine pollution caused by waste.
Keywords: marine pollution, rubbish, violations, shipping
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