Penerapan Diagram Fishbone untuk Analisis Kecelakaan Kerja yang Berakibat Lost Time Injury (LTI) pada Pekerjaan Konstruksi
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Abstract
Kecelakaan kerja merupakan peristiwa tidak diinginkan yang mengakibatkan kerugian dari aspek manusia dan harta benda. Dewasa ini, kecelakaan kerja di bidang konstruksi setiap tahun mengalami peningkatan. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena pada bidang konstruksi terdapat banyak kegiatan dengan batas waktu tertentu yang memiliki potensi bahaya dan risiko tinggi. Data kecelakaan kerja suatu perusahaan jasa konstruksi pada pekerjaan instal struktur menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat kecelakaan kerja dalam kurun waktu dua tahun terakhir yang mengakibatkan Lost Time Injury (LTI) atau hari kerja hilang. Kecelakaan kerja tersebut mengakibatkan dua ruas jari kaki kanan harus diamputasi dan berhenti bekerja selama beberapa bulan untuk masa pemulihan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui akar penyebab dasar kecelakaan kerja pada pekerjaan instal struktur yang mengakibatkan (LTI). Diagram fishbone, sebagai salah satu teknik yang umum diimplementasikan untuk analisis akar penyebab, digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kejadian jari kaki tertimpa H-Beam dapat disebabkan oleh 8 kriteria yaitu manusia, lingkungan, material, mesin, metode, manajemen, pengukuran, dan pemeliharaan. Masing-masing kriteria memiliki berbagai akar penyebab yang jika ditotal menghasilkan 27 akar penyebab kecelakaan pekerjaan instal struktur.
Kata kunci: kecelakaan kerja, lost time injury, konstruksi, fishbone diagram, hari kerja hilang
Abstract
Occupational accidents are undesirable events that lead to losses in terms of human and property aspects. In the construction industry, work-related accidents have been increasing annually. This is because the construction sector involves numerous activities with specific time constraints, which pose potential dangers and high risks. Data from a construction services company on structural installation work shows that work accidents resulting in Lost Time Injury (LTI) or lost working days have persisted over the past two years. A work accident had led to the amputation of two toes on the worker's right foot, causing them to stop working for several months to recover. This research aims to determine the fundamental root causes of work accidents in structural installation tasks. Fishbone diagrams, a commonly used technique for root cause analysis, were employed in this study. The analysis reveals that the occurrence of a toe being struck by an H-Beam can be attributed to eight criteria: humans, environment, materials, machines, methods, management, measurement, and maintenance. Each criterion encompasses various root causes, which, when combined, produce 27 root causes of structural installation work accidents.
Keywords: work accidents, lost time injuries, construction, fishbone diagrams, lost work days
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