Studi Karakteristik Mikroorganisme di Air Balas
Main Article Content
Abstract
Seiring dengan meningkatnya moda transportasi laut di negara-negara maritim khususnya Indonesia, timbul kekhawatiran mengenai pencemaran oleh mikroorganisme asing dari air balas yang terakumulasi ke dalam badan perairan. Kekhawatiran ini menjadi pondasi utama bagi para kompeten dan mereka yang berwenang untuk mengembangkan serta memperketat regulasi sebagai salah satu upaya perlindungan laut. Pada penelitian ini, kami meninjau karakteristik dan dampak dari masuknya mikroorganisme asing ke dalam perairan terhadap ekologi laut, dengan fokus khusus terhadap bakteri pathogen. Bakteri yang umum dijumpai di air balas adalah bakteri dengan genus vibrio. Bakteri vibrio dengan spesies V. alginolyticus, V. cholreae dan V. parahaemolyticus. Bakteri Vibrio merupakan jenis bakteri akuatik yang tersebar di seluruh dunia dan menjadi salah satu penyebab sebagian besar penyakit pada manusia yang berasal dari biota laut yang telah dikonsumsi. Berdasarkan karakteristik dan impactnya, bakteri V. parahaemolyticus merupakan bakteri yang paling berbahaya karena sering menginfeksi ekosistem di perpairan bahkan dapat merimbas pada manusia. Regulasi terkait pengolahan air balas telah diatur untuk meminimalisir dampak tersebut. Saat ini, metode yang paling efektif dan sering digunakan dalam menurunkan bakteri merupakan metode kimia berupa desinfeksi. Terdapat beberapa jenis kembangan baru dari metode desinfeksi, namun yang paling efektif dalam menurunkan bakteri khususnya vibrio adalah metode hypochlorite biocide.
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MASTER 2023
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Widiastuti, D., Karima, I. F., & Setiyani, E. (2019). Efek Antibakteri Sodium Hypochlorite terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat, 11(4), 302–307.
Wu, H., Chen, C., Wang, Q., Lin, J., & Xue, J. (2017). The biological content of ballast water in China: A review. Aquaculture and Fisheries, 2(6), 241–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaf.2017.03.002
Bailey, S. A., Brydges, T., Casas-Monroy, O., Kydd, J., Linley, R. D., Rozon, R. M., & Darling, J. A. (2022). First evaluation of ballast water management systems on operational ships for minimizing introductions of nonindigenous zooplankton. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 182, 113947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113947
Baker-Austin, C., Oliver, J. D., Alam, M., Ali, A., Waldor, M. K., Qadri, F., & Martinez-Urtaza, J. (2018). Vibrio spp. infections. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-018-0005-8
Dwiyanti Feriana Ratwita, O. S. K., Desinfeksi, P., Reparasi, S., Tiruan Resin, G., Pada, A., Gigi, L., Surabaya, D. I., Jember, D., Feriana Ratwita, D., Setyowati, O., & Kusdarjanti, E. (2019). DARMABAKTI CENDEKIA Journal of Community Service and Engagements TRAINING AND COUNSELING ON DISINFECTION DURING REPAIR OF ACRYLIC RESIN DENTURES AT DENTAL LABORATORIES IN SURABAYA AND JEMBER. Darmabakti Cendekia: Journal of Community Service and Engagements, 01(1), 1–7.
Faudiyah, N. N., Majidah, L., & Ismunanti, I. (2017). Identifikasi Baakteri Vibrio cholerae pada Tubuh Lalat Hijau (Chrysomya megacephala) di Pasar Legi Jombang. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, 17, 43. http://repository.unpas.ac.id/30547/5/BAB III.pdf
Fauzi, H. N. (2017). Pengembangan prototipe sistem pengolahan air balas dengan menggunakan aplikasi filtrasi karet remah dan radiasi sinar uv. Skripsi.
Hamzah, Hartanto, N., Srinawati, Jumriadi, Afandi, A. A., & Herawati. (2020). Performa dan Infeksi Patogen Penyebab Penyakit Pada Udang Tambak Yang Menggunakan Pakan FSBM. SIGANUS: Journal of Fisheries and Marine Science, 1(2), 62–68. https://doi.org/10.31605/siganus.v1i2.654
Hasanah, N., Sudaryatma, P. E., Razaq, I., Eriawati, N. N., Nugraha, W. A., Kumalasari, H., Anggraeni, N. P. A. S., & Dewi, I. A. M. M. (2022). Early Detection of Contamination Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli in Fisheries Product Using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction. Jurnal Sain Veteriner, 40(2), 171. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.73314
Hess-Erga, O. K., Moreno-Andrés, J., Enger, Ø., & Vadstein, O. (2019). Microorganisms in ballast water: Disinfection, community dynamics, and implications for management. Science of the Total Environment, 657, 704–716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.004
Hurrayah, Misqul, Hilyana, Siti, Mukhlis, A. (2015). Penggunaan Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji Psidium Guajava Untuk Meningkatkan Kelangsungan Hidup Benih Ikan Kerapu Bebek Cromileptes Altivelis Terhadap Serangan Bakteri Vibrio Parahaemolyticus. In Jurnal Perikanan Unram (Vol. 7, pp. 23–29).
Johnny, F., & Roza, D. (2014). Infeksi bakteri vibrio alginolyticus pada lumba-lumba hidung botol, tursiops aduncus yang dipelihara di Lovina, Singaraja, Bali [Infection of bacterial vibrio alginolyticus on bottle nose dolphins, tursiops aduncus reared at Lovina, Singaraja, Bali]. Berita Biologi, 13(3), 295–300.
Lakshmi, E., Priya, M., & Achari, V. S. (2021). An overview on the treatment of ballast water in ships. Ocean and Coastal Management, 199(October 2020), 105296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105296
Meylani, V., & Putra, R. R. (2019). Keberagaman Bakteri Anggota Genus Vibrio Penyebab Vibriosis pada Ikan Lele Sangkuriang ( Clarias gariepinus var . Sangkuriang ) di Kota Tasikmalaya. Seminar Nasional Sains Dan Enternship VI Tahun 2019.
Mobo, B. H. P., Rabinowitz, P. M., Conti, L. A., & Taiwo, O. A. (n.d.). Chapter 12 - Occupational Health of Animal Workers. In Human-Animal Medicine (1st ed.). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4160-6837-2.00012-9
Mutalib, Y., & Khartiono, L. D. (2018). Efektifitas Ekstrak Ulva Reticulata Terhadap Infeksi Bakteri Patogen Vibrio alginolyticus dan Vibrio parahaemolyticus pada Ikan Kerapu Tikus (Cromileptes altivelis) Secara In-Vitro. Jurnal Sains Teknologi Akuakultur, 2(1), 57–64. http://jsta.aquasiana.org/index.php/jmai/article/view/28
Nosrati-Ghods, N., Ghadiri, M., & Früh, W. G. (2017). Management and environmental risk study of the physicochemical parameters of ballast water. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 114(1), 428–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.062
Novriadi, R., Hermawan, T., Kadari, M., Fournier, V., Seguin, P., Perikanan, B., Laut, B., Jenderal, D., & Budidaya, P. (2014). Kajian respons kekebalan tubuh dan performa pertumbuhan ikan kakap putih Lates calcarifer Bloch melalui suplementasi protein hidrolisis pada pakan Immune response and growth performance of Asian sea bass Lates calcarifer Bloch fed with supplementation of . 13(2), 182–191.
Nurlatifah, S., Darmayasa, I. B. G., Sasmita Julyantoro, P. G., & Sudaryatma, P. E. (2022). Penghambatan Faktor Virulensi Vibrio parahaemolyticus Menggunakan Isolat Bakteri dari Saluran Pencernaan Ikan Kerapu. Acta VETERINARIA Indonesiana, 10(3), 228–238. https://doi.org/10.29244/avi.10.3.228-238
Oliver, J. D. (2005). Wound infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus and other marine bacteria. Epidemiology and Infection, 133(3), 383–391. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268805003894
Park, S. Y., Chung, M. S., & Ha, S. Do. (2018). Combined effect of sodium hypochlorite and gamma-irradiation for the control of Vibrio vulnificus in fresh oyster and clam. Lwt, 91(January), 568–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2018.01.087
Petersen, N. B., Madsen, T., Glaring, M. A., Dobbs, F. C., & Jørgensen, N. O. G. (2019). Ballast water treatment and bacteria: Analysis of bacterial activity and diversity after treatment of simulated ballast water by electrochlorination and UV exposure. Science of the Total Environment, 648, 408–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.080
Raszl, S. M., Froelich, B. A., Vieira, C. R. W., Blackwood, A. D., Rachel, T., City, M., & Carolina, N. (2016). Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in South America: Water, Seafood, and Human Infections. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13246
Rodríguez-Melcón, C., Alonso-Calleja, C., & Capita, R. (2023). Effect of low doses of biocides on the susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica to various antibiotics of clinical importance. Food Control, 149(March 2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109602
Santiniaratri, M., Hadriyanto, W., & Mulyawati, E. (2014). Pengaruh Berbagai Konsentrasi Larutan Irigasi Sodium Hipoklorit Kombinasi Omeprazole 8,5% Sebagai Antibakteri Enterococcus faecalis. Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi, 5(2), 150–157.
Siregar, T., S, B. H., & Syafitri, E. (2021). ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI Vibrio parahaemolyticus PADA UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) PENYEBAB PENYAKIT VIBRIOSIS. Jurnal Aquaculture Indonesia, 1(1), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.46576/jai.v1i1.1389
Soler-Figueroa, B. M., Fontaine, D. N., Carney, K. J., Ruiz, G. M., & Tamburri, M. N. (2020). Characteristics of global port phytoplankton and implications for current ballast water regulations. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 155(April), 111165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111165
Wang, D., Fletcher, G. C., On, S. L. W., Palmer, J. S., Gagic, D., & Flint, S. H. (2023). Biofilm formation, sodium hypochlorite susceptibility and genetic diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 385(November 2022), 110011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110011
Widiastuti, D., Karima, I. F., & Setiyani, E. (2019). Efek Antibakteri Sodium Hypochlorite terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat, 11(4), 302–307.
Wu, H., Chen, C., Wang, Q., Lin, J., & Xue, J. (2017). The biological content of ballast water in China: A review. Aquaculture and Fisheries, 2(6), 241–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaf.2017.03.002