Analisis Risiko Ledakan Reformer Pada Unit Hydrogen Plant Menggunakan Metode Fault Tree Analysis

Abstract

The hydrogen plant unit is an important part of the production system in the lubricant processing industry which functions to supply high-quality hydrogen gas to the hydrofinishing unit. Hydrogen gas is included in the IIC gas category which has a high explosion potential due to its highly flammable nature. One of the most crucial and high-risk equipment in this unit is the reformer, as it operates at high temperature and pressure and involves sensitive chemical reactions. Disruptions to the reforming process can pose safety risks such as overpressurization, catalyst degradation, flame instability, and tube rupture. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the risk of explosion in the reformer using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method. FTA was chosen because it is able to describe the cause-and-effect relationship systematically through a top-down approach, starting from the top event to the root cause. Based on the results of the FTA diagram preparation, 46 minimum cut sets and 13 basic causes were obtained, including: irregular inspection schedule, contaminated process gas, lifetime of the pressure transmitter, lack of maintenance, and use of non-standard materials and cables. Risk control recommendations based on the principle of hierarchical control that can be carried out include the substitution level, namely replacing materials and components according to specifications, at the engineering level adding flow control valves, and at the administrative control level by setting inspection or maintenance schedules, SOP compliance, and providing training.