Analisis Risiko Manual Material Handling pada Aktivitas Pemindahan Karung Menggunakan Metode Composite Lifting Index

Abstract

Manual Material Handling (MMH) activities remain a crucial part of production processes, especially in industries that rely heavily on manual labor. One of the most common MMH activities is the manual and repetitive lifting of sacks, which, if not performed in accordance with ergonomic principles, can lead to musculoskeletal disorders. This study aims to analyze the ergonomic risk level of sack-lifting activities using the Composite Lifting Index (CLI) approach. The method refers to the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation guidelines by collecting task variables such as load weight, horizontal distance, vertical position, lifting distance, asymmetry angle, lifting frequency, and grip quality. Prior to that, a questionnaire on Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs), known as GOTRAK, was distributed to operators to identify physical complaints. The questionnaire results indicated that the most frequent complaints were found in the lower back, hips, and upper back. The analysis showed that the CLI value obtained was infinite (?), indicating that the cumulative lifting risk level is extremely high and far exceeds the safe threshold (CLI ? 3). This condition is caused by several combined factors such as high lifting frequency, poor grip quality (due to sacks having no handles), and non-ideal lifting angles and postures. As a solution, intervention is required through the application of the hierarchy of control approach, including reducing pallet stack height, training on proper lifting posture, the use of lifting aids such as hand stackers and hydraulic tables, and the provision of personal protective equipment such as back support belts. The results of this analysis are expected to serve as a foundation for improving workstations to create a safer, more ergonomic, and productive work environment.