Proceedings Conference on Marine Engineering and its Application
Pengaruh Variasi Panjang Busur Terhadap Performa Turbin Angin Savonius Persamaan myring n=1 dengan Kecepatan 6 m/s
The Savonius wind turbine is a type of vertical axis wind turbine widely used for small-scale applications due to its simple construction and ability to operate at low wind speeds. Previous studies have shown that the addition of deflectors can enhance performance, but the blades used have not been varied. Therefore, this experiment employs variations in arc length with a myring equation of n=1 without deflectors. This research aims to analyze the performance of the Savonius wind turbine with variations in both increased and decreased blade arc lengths of 4 cm and wind speeds of 5 m/s, 6 m/s, and 7 m/s in relation to the torque coefficient and power coefficient produced. The best results from this experiment were obtained with an increased arc length at a speed of 6 m/s. The optimal power coefficient value was 0.2364, with a performance improvement of 28.340%, while the torque coefficient was 0.6118, showing a performance improvement of 12.857% compared to other variations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Proceeding Conference on Marine Engineering and its Application
EVALUASI KELAYAKAN BISNIS OPERASIONAL KAPAL MILIK DAN SEWA BERBASIS VOYAGE CHARTER ATAU TIME CHARTER DALAM PENGANGKUTAN BATUBARA
The distribution of coal via maritime transport plays a crucial role in supporting Indonesia’s energy demands while offering potential investment opportunities for bulk carrier operations. This study evaluates the financial feasibility of four vessel operation alternatives: MV. Alpha (owned vessel) and MV. Beta (chartered vessel), each operating under Voyage Charter or Time Charter contracts. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Profitability Index (PI) are used as key indicators. All alternatives are financially feasible, with IRR values exceeding the required rate of return and PI values greater than 1. MV. Alpha–Voyage Charter records an IRR of 262.28% and PI of 9.27, while MV. Beta–Time Charter achieves IRR of 227.39% and PI of 8.04. Incremental PI analysis further identifies the most efficient investment combination. MV. Alpha–Voyage Charter yields an incremental PI of 1.61 over Time Charter, while MV. Beta–Time Charter yields 0.44 over Voyage Charter. Therefore, the optimal investment choice is to operate MV. Alpha under Voyage Charter and MV. Beta under Time Charter. To support profitability, companies should consider operational capital readiness and apply strategies such as OPEX efficiency, freight rate optimization, and diversification into alternative cargoes.
Studi Numerik Pengaruh Sudut Deflector di samping Advancing Blade terhadap Performa Turbin Angin Savonius dengan Myring n = 1
In the previous experiment, the research of Savonius Wind Turbine with myring n = 1 has been conducted by varying deflector angles. The result showed that additional deflector next to advancing blade could improve the turbine performance. However, the experiment did not produce visualisation of streamline, velocity and pressure contours around the turbine. This visualization is important to know more about the turbine performance result in detail. Based on the above condition, this study was conducted by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method as a complement to the experimental data. The simulated turbine has a diameter ratio (ds/D) of 0.4. It used deflector variations next to the advancing blade with angles of 15o, 30o, 45o. The wind speed was 7 m/s. With CFD, the visualisation of the airflow around the turbine can be analyzed and clearly seen. It showed that the deflector could increase the Coefficient of Torque (Ct) and Coefficient of Power (Cp) values. The best performance was achieved at a deflector angle of 15° with maximum Ct at TSR 0.4 and Cp at TSR 0.8, while the Cp value increased by 25.128%, and the Ct value increased by 3.10%.
PERANCANGAN DAN PROSES FABRIKASI HIDROGEN GENERATOR DENGAN VARIASI BENTUK DAN KERAPATAN ELEKTRODA TERHADAP HASIL PRODUKSI GAS HIDROGEN
The global energy crisis and the environmental impact of fossil fuel use are driving the search for environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative energy. Hydrogen is a potential solution because it is clean, flexible, and can be produced from water through the electrolysis process. This study aims to design and manufacture a hydrogen generator device based on water electrolysis with a catalyst KOH 0.05 M, as well as evaluate the influence of variations in the shape and density of electrodes on the efficiency and volume of hydrogen gas produced. This study used two electrode shapes (square and perforated square) and three variations of the spacing between the electrodes (4 mm, 5 mm, and 6 mm), resulting in six combinations of variations. The test was carried out on a laboratory scale using an electric current of 9.5 Amper. The results showed that the shape and density of the electrode had a significant influence on the efficiency of the electrolyser and the discharge of hydrogen gas. The highest efficiency of 37.79% was obtained on the square-shaped electrode with a spacing of 6 mm, resulting in a hydrogen discharge of 1.431 × 10?? m³/s. These findings suggest that increasing electrode spacing and optimal shape selection can improve the efficiency of hydrogen production. The novelty of this study lies in the systematic integration of electrode shape and density variations in wet cell hydrogen generators, as well as the modification of electrical input lines that avoid direct contact with electrolyte liquids, thereby reducing the risk of short circuits and improving system efficiency.
Studi Numerik Pengaruh Variasi Jumlah Bilah Paddle pada Paddle Wheel terhadap Performa Kapal Wisata.
The application of paddle wheels as a boat propulsion system has become an important focus in practical research due to their operational stability for small boats and durability, especially in shallow-water operations. These operational characteristics make paddle wheels suitable for application in 8-meter tourist boats, where determining the optimal propulsion force is essential. In this study, the 12-blade configuration was selected as the baseline for evaluating propulsion performance. The objective is to analyze thrust generation and flow visualization around the paddle wheel using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in ANSYS Fluent with three-dimensional transient analysis at constant rotational speeds of 125 rpm and 250 rpm. The results showed that at 125 rpm, the paddle wheel generated an average thrust of 0.243 kN, dominated by negative fluctuations caused by backflow and vortex formation, which reduced propulsion efficiency. At 250 rpm, the average thrust increased to 0.499 kN, with fluctuations predominantly positive due to the higher blade velocity, which produced a stable jet flow and minimized the effect of recirculating vortices. Generally, an increase in paddle wheel rotational speed improved thrust performance. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing paddle wheel speed and blade configuration for effective and stable propulsion in small tourist boats.
Analisis Perubahan Sistem Propulsi dari Azimuth Thruster ke Fixed Pitch Propeller pada SPOB 2999
The Self Propelled Oil Barge (SPOB) with a Gross Registered Tonnage (GRT) of 2999 was analyzed before and after modification, particularly focusing on the propulsion system and hydrodynamic characteristics. The resistance of the existing vassel based on the holtrop manual method was 128,506 kN, while the maxsurf simulation yielded 117,4 Kn. After the modification, the resistance increased to 135,249 kN (manual) and 124,3 kN (maxsurf). The main engine power requirement per unit rose from 621,057 kW to 649,964 kW with the twin screw propeller configuration. CFD fluent simulation results for the existing propeller showed a thrust coefficient (KT) of 0,202, a torque coefficient (KQ) of 0,0341, and efficiency of 0,32. The new propeller, type B3-50, with a diameter of 2,76 meters and a rotation speed of 225,102 Rpm, demonstrated a higher efficiency of 0,475. Cavitation evaluation showed that the calculated cavitation number (?c burril) of 0,1873, indicating the propeller is safe from cavitation risk. The engine-propeller matching analysis showed an absorbed power of 86,02% (clean hull) and 90,32% (rough hull) at 100% Rpm. The attained EEDI value of 16,20 gr-CO2/T-mile is lower than the required EEDI of 17,25 gr-CO2/T-mile, indicating that the post-modification vassel design complies with energy efficiency standards.
Modelling Analisis Pengaruh Laju Aliran Hidrogen dan Oksigen Terhadap Unjuk Kerja Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)
The increasing global demand for fossil fuels, which are depleting, calls for alternative energy sources with efficient and environmentally friendly technologies such as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). This research aims to model and analyze the effect of hydrogen and oxygen flow rates on the performance of PEMFC using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The flow rates were varied between 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2.5 L/min for both hydrogen and oxygen. The simulation results show the output power for each combination, allowing identification of the optimum flow rates for maximum power output. Validation with previous studies resulted in an acceptable error margin of 0.74%, confirming the model accuracy. The results demonstrate that increasing the flow rate generally increases the fuel cell’s output power until reaching an optimum point.
STUDI NUMERIK PENGARUH VARIASI SUDUT DEFLEKTOR DI SAMPING ADVANCING BLADE TURBIN ANGIN SAVONIUS MYRING n=1 DENGAN PENAMBAHAN PANJANG BUSUR 4 CM PADA KECEPATAN 7 m/s
Savonius wind turbine performance with myring n=1 and additional deflector next to the advancing blade has improved in the previous experimental studies. Although the performance has improved, but its flow visualization such as velocity contours, streamline velocity, and pressure contours cannot be displayed. Therefore, this study was conducted to visualize the turbine flow. The 3D Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method was used to obtain the Coefficient of Torque (Ct), Coefficient of power (Cp), and describe the flow visualization. The steps began with geometry creation, meshing, model validation, and variation simulation. A 4 cm long arc and deflector angle variation placed next to the advancing blade were added to the wind turbine. The dimensions of the turbine used, both in height and diameter, were 40 cm. The variation in the deflector angles were 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45° and wind speeds were 5 m/s, 6 m/s, and 7 m/s. The best results were obtained at a speed of 7 m/s, at a deflector angle of 15° with an increase of 56.1% when it was compared to the turbine without any deflector with a Coefficient of power (Cp) value simulation of 0.2582.
Analisis Keseragaman Aliran Dua Fase pada Multi Channel Distributor untuk Evaporator Mesin Es Balok
In the block ice machine at Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya (PPNS), ice freezing delays occur due to uneven refrigerant distribution in the evaporator. This study focuses on two-phase flow uniformity analysis in a multi-channel distributor using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. The research is limited to the vertical downward configuration to evaluate phase distribution, velocity, and static pressure. Simulation results show that the vertical downward configuration provides a uniform distribution with a deviation value of 11.14%, proving the positive effect of gravitational assistance on liquid phase stability. These findings can serve as a design reference for improving distributor performance in block ice machines.
ANALISIS PERFORMA FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE MENGGUNAKAN XPOWER XP16000G DENGAN BAHAN BAKAR MULTI-FEEDSTOCK BIODIESEL (MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT, MINYAK JELANTAH, MINYAK KEDELAI)
This study discusses the performance of four-stroke diesel engines using multi-feedstock biodiesel fuels based on palm oil, used cooking oil, and soybean oil. Tests were conducted with various fuel blends (B35, B40, B100) and the addition of the Xpower XP 16000G fuel quality enhancer. The main objective was to determine the effect of these combinations on power, torque, specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and mean effective pressure (BMEP) at various RPM and load levels. The test results showed that convection biodiesel using the Xpower XP 16000G auxiliary provided the most optimal overall performance. The auxiliary significantly improved efficiency, with all fuel variations from having the lowest performance to having more efficiency, especially in the convection biodiesel fuel variation with XPower XP16000G. This research supports the application of biodiesel blends as a more efficient and environmentally friendly alternative fuel for diesel engines.
KAJIAN NUMERIK PENGARUH VARIASI PANJANG BUSUR TERHADAP PERFORMA TURBIN ANGIN SAVONIUS PERSAMAAN MYRING n=1 PADA KECEPATAN 6 m/s
This study aims to analyze the performance of Savonius Myring n=1 wind turbine with arc length variation using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. The focus of the research includes obtaining the values of Coefficient of Torque (CT), Coefficient of Power (CP), as well as visualizing the flow and pressure distribution on the turbine. Geometry variations were carried out by adding and reducing the arc length by 4 cm, and testing was carried out under three wind speed conditions, namely 5 m/s, 6 m/s, and 7 m/s. The analyzed turbine dimensions have a height of 40 cm and a diameter of 40 cm. The simulation results show that the best configuration is obtained in the variation of the arc length addition of 4 cm with a wind speed of 6 m/s, which results in a CT value of 0.1916 and CP of 0.1916. The use of Myring n=1 and arc length variation are proven to contribute to the increase of turbine aerodynamic efficiency.
Rekomendasi Pemeliharaan Sistem Pelumas pada Mesin Induk MV. Meratus Borneo dengan Metode RCM II dan Cost-Benefit Analysis
Pelumasan pada mesin utama di kapal sangat penting untuk menjaga agar komponen yang bergerak tidak cepat aus atau rusak. Kinerja sistem pelumasan yang tidak optimal akan menurunkan performa mesin induk dan dapat menyebabkan downtime yang tidak terduga dengan biaya perbaikan yang besar. Maka dari itu, untuk mengantisipasi dan menekan risiko kegagalan pada sistem pelumasan, perlu dilakukan analisis kerusakan pada setiap komponen pelumas. Rekomendasi pemeliharaan yang baik dapat ditentukan melalui metode reliability centered maintenance II, serta menghitung kelayakan strategi pemeliharaan secara ekonomis dengan menggunakan cost-benefit analysis. Hasil dari metode RCM II menunjukkan bahwa lube oil pump adalah komponen paling berisiko yang memiliki nilai RPN 64 dengan scheduled discard task pada interval waktu 3708,44 jam. Selain itu, nilai reliability lube oil pump adalah sebesar 0,604 pada t = 6000 jam. Hasil analisis biaya menunjukan bahwa nilai benefit-cost ratio untuk lube oil pump adalah 26,92. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa strategi pemeliharaan yang dipilih layak secara ekonomis karena nilai BCR > 1.
Studi Numerik Pengaruh Sudut Deflektor ? = 45° Di Depan Returning Blade Terhadap Performa Turbin Angin Savonius Myring n=1 Pada Kecepatan Angin 6 m/s
Savonius-type wind turbines typically exhibit low efficiency due to high aerodynamic drag on the returning blade, so that performance improvements are needed. Based on the condition, this study investigates the effect of deflector angle variations placed in front of the returning blade to the performance of a Myring-type Savonius wind turbine (n=1). It used a numerical approach through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The deflector angles tested were 0°, 30°, 45°, and 60°, with wind speeds of 5 m/s, 6 m/s, and 7 m/s. The turbine had a height and diameter of 40 cm, while the deflector measured was 40 cm in height and 50 cm in width. The simulation result showed that a deflector angle of 45° at a wind speed of 6 m/s provided the best performance. The value of Coefficient of Torque (CT) was 0.2862 and the Coefficient of Power (CP) was 0.2283. The additional deflector angle effectively enhances turbine efficiency by mitigating reverse flow impact on the returning blade. Keyword: Numerical, Angle Deflector ?=45°, Myring n = 1, Savonius Wind Turbine, Computational Fluid Dynamics
Analisis Unjuk Kerja Four Stroke Diesel Engine terhadap Penambahan Hidrogen pada Intake Manifold Menggunakan Bahan Bakar Biodiesel B40 Minyak Jarak
Abstrak- Biodiesel as a renewable fuel has low thermal efficiency and low calorific value. To overcome this, hydrogen needs to be added because it has a high calorific value and can accelerate its combustion process. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of adding hydrogen in the intake manifold to the four-stroke diesel engine performance using B40 biodiesel from castor oil. The experimental method was conducted on a Jiangdong ZH1115N engine with various speeds of 1000 rpm, 1200 rpm, and 1400 rpm, loads of 2000 Watts, 3000 Watts, and 4000 Watts, and hydrogen flow rates of 2.5 l/m; 5 l/m; 7.5 l/m; 10 l/m. The parameters tested included power, torque, BMEP, and BSFC. The characteristic test result showed a density of 920 kg/m³, viscosity of 12.88 cSt, flash point of 92°C, and cetane number >56.4. It also indicated that increasing of hydrogen flow reduced BSFC and improved engine power, torque, and BMEP. The engine fuel map showed that a flow rate of 10 l/m yields the most optimum fuel efficiency under all test conditions. So B40 biodiesel combined with hydrogen can enhance fuel efficiency and engine performance, thereby holding potential as an alternative fuel solution supporting sustainable energy transition Keywords: Hydrogen, Intake Manifold, Diesel Engine, Biodiesel B40, Castor Oil
Studi Numerik Pengaruh Variasi Bentuk Bilah Pada Paddle Wheel Terhadap Performa Kapal Wisata
This study analyzes the performance of paddle wheel blades with an NACA 2412 profile as an alternative propulsion system for river cruise ships. The paddle wheel used has 8 blades with a diameter of 0.84 m, a blade length of 0.21 m, and a blade width of 0.50 m. The NACA 2412 profile was chosen because it has moderate camber, that can provide optimal thrust distribution compared to symmetrical airfoils. Numerical simulations were performed using the compuuter model method with transient. The paddle wheel rotation speeds were 125 RPM and 250 RPM. The simulation results showed that at 125 RPM, the paddle wheel with 8 blades with the NACA 2412 profile produced a thrust of 1567.39 N. At 250 RPM it increased significantly to 3154.90 N. The thrust value proved that the NACA 2412 blades with an 8-blade is configuration to provide capable the operational needs of thrust boat to travel at a speed of around 8.5 knots (4.37 m/s). Computere models therefire boat, paddle wheel blades using the NACA 2412 profile are recommended as the optimal design because they are capable of producing high thrust while being efficient for use on river tourist boats.
DESAIN DAN FABRIKASI SISTEM PEMBANGKIT TENAGA PADA SIKLUS ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE (ORC) UNTUK PROTOTIPE OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (OTEC)
The OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (OTEC) system utilizes the temperature difference between warm surface seawater and cold deep seawater to generate energy. This study develops a laboratory-scale OTEC prototype based on the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), designed to operate under low-temperature differences. The main focus of this research is the use of a Finned Tube Heat Exchanger as the evaporator to enhance heat absorption efficiency, as well as the utilization of a modified rotary-type compressor functioning as a turbine to extract energy from the working fluid. Refrigerant R22 is used due to its low boiling point, stable thermodynamic characteristics, and suitable operating pressure for low temperature ORC systems. The system is designed to operate as a closed ORC cycle with key components including the evaporator, turbine, condenser, and refrigerant pump. Based on the calculation results, the turbine produces 0,04187 kW of power with an isentropic efficiency of 65%. On the evaporator side, the UA value is calculated at 220 W/K, with a fin surface area of approximately 0,01071 m², and a fin efficiency of 1. Initial testing results show that the system can operate stably with baseline performance appropriate for laboratory simulation. This prototype design is expected to serve as a foundation for further experimental development of more practical and economical low-temperature energy conversion systems.
Desain Kapal Wisata Menggunakan Penggerak Paddle Wheel
This research designs a river tour boat with a DC motor based paddle wheel drive system as an alternative to noisy conventional outboard motors. Calculation of ship resistance is carried out using the Holtrop method, while stability analysis uses Maxsurf Stability software. The design includes paddle wheel dimensions, mechanical transmission system, and ship's electricity. The result design tour is boat with Lpp :8,1 m, B :1,9 m, T : 0,3 and Vs : 8,5 Knot have a resistance 3 kN. With these results, the DC motor-based paddle wheel system is proven to be feasible and efficient to use on river tour boats
Analisis Kinerja Perpindahan Pan Penggunaan Shell and Tube sebagai Heat Exchanger pada Prototipe Ocean Thermal Energy Converison (OTEC)
This study focuses on the design, fabrication, and testing of a shell and tube heat exchanger as a condenser in a laboratory-scale Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) system. The heat exchanger was designed with a 1-pass shell and 1-pass tube configuration, consisting of 26 copper tubes with an outer diameter of 9.5 mm and a length of 0.46 m, arranged within a steel shell of 155 mm diameter. The design process included determining thermal resistances, convective heat transfer coefficients, and the overall heat transfer coefficient (U). Theoretical calculations resulted in an overall heat transfer coefficient of 215.57 W/m²·K. After fabrication, the heat exchanger was integrated into the OTEC prototype, using R22 as the working fluid. Experimental testing indicated that the actual overall heat transfer coefficient reached 243 W/m²·K, showing a deviation of 12.7% compared to the theoretical design value. A significant enthalpy change was observed between state points H5 and H8, from 168.8 kJ/kg to 238.99 kJ/kg, confirming effective condensation and heat transfer within the system. These findings demonstrate that the shell and tube heat exchanger was successfully developed and performs reliably as a condenser in the OTEC prototype, supporting further utilization of ocean thermal energy as a renewable energy source.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF RPM VARIATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AN AXIAL FAN WITH 8 BLADES
This study aims to evaluate the performance of a direct-drive axial fan by observing the effect of rotational speed (RPM) variations on velocity, static pressure, airflow rate, and power coefficient. Data collection was carried out experimentally with RPM variations of 1330, 1280, 1230, and 1180, as well as by closing the outlet section at three levels of blockage: 30%, 60%, and 100%. Air velocity was measured using an anemometer, RPM was measured using a tachometer, and pressure was measured using a manometer.The results show that at 1330 RPM, the air velocity reached 20.82 m/s, the airflow rate was 3.19 m³/s, the pressure was 247 Pa, and the power coefficient was 6.557. At 1280 RPM, the air velocity was 18.90 m/s, the airflow rate was 2.90 m³/s, the pressure was 220 Pa, and the power coefficient was 5.702. At 1230 RPM, the air velocity was 13.47 m/s, the airflow rate was 2.07 m³/s, the pressure was 207 Pa, and the power coefficient was 5.615. At 1180 RPM, the air velocity was 13.46 m/s, the airflow rate was 2.06 m³/s, the pressure was 187 Pa, and the power coefficient was 4.497.
STUDI NUMERIK PENGARUH VARIASI PANJANG DEFLEKTOR DI DEPAN RETURNING BLADE TERHADAP PERFORMA TURBIN ANGIN SAVONIUS MYRING n=1
The experiment on the Savonius wind turbine with Myring n=1, by adding a deflector in front of the returning blade, has been proven to improve its performance. However, one limitation of the experiment was the inability to visualize the airflow, such as velocity contours, streamline velocity, and pressure contours. Therefore, this study was conducted to provide a visualization of the airflow. This research uses a numerical analysis method with the aid of computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based software in a 3D model. The study employs a Savonius wind turbine model with Myring n=1, having a diameter and height of 40 cm. The variations in deflector length used are 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm. The simulation results showed a performance improvement of 17,8% compared to the Savonius wind turbine with Myring n=1 without a deflector, with the highest coefficient of power value occurring at a TSR of 0,8, reaching a value of 0,244
Analisis Pengaruh Penambahan Zat Aditif 2-EHN (2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate) Pada Performa Four-stroke Diesel Engine Menggunakan Bahan Bakar Multi-feedstock Biodiesel (Minyak Kelapa Sawit, Minyak Jelantah, Minyak Kedelai)
The decline petroleum reserves and increasing energy demand have encouraged the use of biodiesel as an environmentally friendly alternative fuel. However, biodiesel has limitations such as low cetane numbers and high viscosity, which affect engine performance. This study aims to analyze the effect of adding 2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate (2-EHN) additive on the performance of a Four-stroke Diesel Engine using Multi-feedstock biodiesel fuel composed of palm oil, waste cooking oil, and soybean oil. The method used was testing biodiesel blends B35, B40, and B100 with the addition of 2-EHN at different concentrations. Performance tests were conducted using a Jiangdong ZH1115N diesel engine with varying loads and speeds. The parameters analyzed included power, torque, Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP), and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC). The results showed that the B40 fuel with a 0.5% concentration of 2-EHN provided the best performance in terms of power, torque, and BMEP. Meanwhile, the lowest specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was achieved with a B35 blend containing 1% 2-EHN. These findings demonstrate that the use of 2-EHN additives can enhance the combustion characteristics and efficiency of multi-feedstock biodiesel, making it a more viable alternative fuel option.
Pengaruh Variasi Pengurangan Panjang Busur -4 cm dan Sudut Deflektor 45o Di Samping Advancing Blade Kecepatan 6 m/s Turbin Angin Savonius
In the previous studies, several experiments on Savonius wind turbines have been conducted. One such study examined the effect of deflector angle variation next to the advancing blade of a Savonius wind turbine with Myring n = 1. These studies showed that adding a deflector next to the advancing blade can improve the turbine performance, although the improvement was not yet optimum. Therefore, this experiment was carried out by modifying the arc length with an addition of +4 cm and a reduction of –4 cm from the standard size. The deflector angle variations used were 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°, at wind speeds of 5, 6, and 7 m/s. This test was also conducted to determine the effect of deflector placement to Coefficient of Power (Cp) and Coefficient of Torque (Ct). The results showed that the optimum configuration was achieved with a -4 cm arc length reduction and a deflector angle of 45° at a wind speed of 6 m/s. The highest Ct value was 0.6892 at a TSR of 0.0838, resulting in a 1.250% improvement in turbine performance. The highest Cp value was 0.2450 at a TSR of 0.6914, corresponding to a 108.241% increase in turbine performance.
Numerical Study of the Effect of Blade Number And RPM on Axial Fan Performance
Shipbuilding Institute of Polytechnic Surabaya (PPNS) manufactures axial fans through innovation from the independent entrepreneurship program, but further analysis is needed to determine the performance of the axial fan. A simulation-based study was conducted to determine the effect of the number of blades and RPM on the efficiency of the axial fan, with blade variations of 8 and 9, and RPM variations of 1330 and 1280. The axial fan simulation was conducted using 3D modeling based on CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). This simulation aimed to determine the effect of the number of blades and RPM on the flow coefficient and pressure generated by the axial fan, while RPM was varied to observe the performance trends of the axial fan at different speeds in relation to the flow coefficient and pressure. Based on the simulation and experimental results, the flow coefficient at RPM 1330 was 0.264545, and the experimental result was 0.265377 with an error of 0.31%. At the lowest RPM of 1180, the flow coefficient value was 0.202533, and the experimental result was 0.193156 with an error of 0.48%. for blade 8, while for blade 9, the flow coefficient at 1330 RPM is 0.240420 and at the lowest RPM of 1180 is 0.182842. Meanwhile, for static pressure at 1330 RPM, the value is 246.95 Pa and the experimental result is 246.67 Pa with an error of 0.11%, and at the lowest RPM of 1180, the value is 186.72 Pa and the experimental result is 186.67 Pa with an error of 0.03% for blade 8. while for blade 9 at 1330 RPM, the static pressure value is 214.49 Pa and at the smallest RPM of 1180, it is 162.93 Pa. This indicates that as the number of blades increases, the flow coefficient value decreases, as does the static pressure. The simulation results show that the flow coefficient and static pressure values are close to or validated by the experimental results with an error below 1%.
Studi Numerik Pengaruh Variasi Letak Deflektor Di Depan Returning Blade Terhadap Performa Turbin Angin Savonius Dengan Myring n=1
This study aims to evaluate the effect of deflector position variations in front of the returning blade on the performance of Savonius wind turbines using blade shapes with Myring n = 1. Previous studies have evaluated this configuration experimentally, but have not been able to provide a comprehensive visualisation of fluid flow, such as streamline velocity, velocity contours, and pressure contours. Therefore, in this study, three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulations were conducted to validate the experimental results and present flow visualisations. The simulation was conducted using a turbine with a diameter and height of 0.4 m, a constant wind speed of 6 m/s, and variations without a deflector and with a deflector positioned at distances of 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm. The simulation results showed that the use of a deflector could increase the Coefficient of Torque (Ct) and Coefficient of Power (Cp) values, with a Coefficient of Torque (Ct) performance of 0.5127 at TSR 0.4 and a Coefficient of Power (Cp) of 0.2771 at TSR 0.8 without a deflector and at a deflector distance of 20 cm with a Coefficient of Torque (Ct) at TSR 0.4 with a value of 0.6089 and a Coefficient of Power (Cp) at TSR 0.8 with a value of 0.2933. The Cp value increased by 5.82% compared to without a deflector.
Studi Pengaruh Sudut Serang terhadap Kinerja Wells Turbine sebagai Wave Energy Convertr pada Oscillating Water Column
Oscillating Water Column is a method for converting ocean wave energy into electrical energy. The mechanism of how the oscillating water column works is through the rise and fall of ocean waves, which push air into the oscillating water column, thereby rotating the turbine connected to the generator to produce an electrical current. Wave height and wave period are some of the factors influencing the power output of oscillating water column-type tidal power plants. Research was conducted to analyze turbine performance, specifically the effect of turbine angle of attack on the Coefficient of Torque (CT) and Coefficient of Power (CP) values. The angle of attack configuration of 12° and tip speed ratio of 2 produce the highest performance, marked by a maximum Coefficient of Torque (CT) value of 0,361 and Coefficient of Power (CP) value of 0,793.
Pengaruh Variasi Penambahan Sudu +4 cm Dan Sudut Deflektor 15° Di Samping Advancing Blade Kecepatan 7 m/s Turbin Angin Savonius Myring n=1
The Savonius wind turbine indeed has several shortcomings, and research to improve its performance is very important. In the study mentioned, the use of the Myring equation with n=1 shows potential for enhancing turbine efficiency. Further research with variations in arc length and deflector angles next to the advancing blade is a good step to explore the potential for performance improvement. From the experimental results provided, it appears that a deflector angle of 15° at a wind speed 7 m/s yields the best performance. The obtained values for the Coefficient of Power (Cp) is 0,2662 and Coefficient of Torque (Ct) is 0,6970. The increase in Coefficient of Power (Cp) by 60.166% and Coefficient of Torque (Ct) 7.930% compered to the savonius wind turbine with Myring n=1 without any deflector
Analisis Laju Kristalisasi Es pada Cetakan Mesin Es Balok dengan Menggunakan Brine
Block ice machines are widely used for fish preservation because they are practical and efficient. The block ice machine operated at Shipbuilding Institute of Polytechnic Surabaya (PPNS) previously had limitations in its mold design, so that the ice freezing process was not optimal and could not be completed on schedule. This study analyzes the ice crystallization process in ice block machine molds using brine as a secondary refrigerant. Brine has a lower freezing point than pure water, enabling it to reach low temperatures without freezing and accelerating the crystallization process. Two-dimensional numerical modeling was performed using Ansys Fluent with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) and Solidification/Melting models. The simulation focused on Brine conditions with an initial temperature of 10 °C and a salt concentration of 23.3%. The results showed that the freezing process began at 15 hours in the water domain in direct contact with the mold. The water froze completely at 18 hours with a temperature of -0.39 °C and a Brine temperature of -4.39 °C. At the 30th hour, the water/ice temperature reached -6 °C in the center of the domain and the brine temperature reached -9.6 °C. These findings confirm that brine effectively improves the efficiency and performance of block ice machines.
Analisis Performa Controllable Pitch Propeller ZF-KH680 pada Kapal AHTS 58,7 meter dengan Metode Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
AHTS vessels require an efficient propulsion system for complex operations. This study focuses on the performance analysis of a CPP on a 58,7 m AHTS vessel that failed to achieve its design speed during sea trials. The objective of this research is to analyze the propeller characteristics through 3D modeling, CFD simulations, and to compare the calculated speed with the sea trial results. The research methodology involves the development of a 3D CPP model validated against blade area data. CFD simulations were conducted to determine thrust and torque at various pitch settings ranging from 60% to 100%. Subsequently, engine– propeller matching calculations were performed, and the empirically calculated ship speeds were compared with sea trial results. The 3D CPP model validation against blade area data yielded an error of 2,141%. The simulation results show that increasing the pitch consistently increases thrust and torque. At J 0,2, a 60% pitch produced a thrust of 80146,335N and torque of 28710,812Nm, at 70% pitch thrust was 101320,310N and torque 39289,549Nm, at 80% pitch thrust was 121873,870N and torque 51500,903Nm, at 90% pitch thrust was 142205,420N and torque 65526,231Nm, and at 100% pitch thrust reached 162626,210N with torque 81493,923Nm. A significant discrepancy was found between the empirically calculated speed and the sea trial results. Based on the empirical calculations, the ship’s service speed at 60% to 100% pitch reached 9,09 knots, 10,03 knots, 10,99 knots, 11,99 knots, and 12,96 knots, respectively. In contrast, the recorded sea trial speeds at 60% to 100% pitch were only 6,7 knots, 7,3 knots, 7,9 knots, 8,8 knots, and 9,10 knots.
Studi Pengaruh Rasio Panjang Chord antara Hub dengan Tip terhadap Kinerja Wells Turbine
The Oscillating Water Column (OWC) is a type of wave energy converter that utilizes bidirectional airflow generated by ocean waves to drive a Wells turbine. One of the geometric parameters that affects turbine performance is the chord length ratio between the hub and tip of the blade. This study aims to analyze the effect of chord length ratio variations on the performance of a Wells turbine in an OWC system. Simulations were carried out using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method with OpenFOAM software for four chord ratio variations: 0.8, 0.6, 1.0 (baseline), and 1.4, under tip speed ratio (TSR) values of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2. The main performance parameters observed include the coefficient of power (CP) and coefficient of torque (CT). The results show that the 1.0 chord ratio produces the highest CT and CP values across all TSR variations. This occurs because the 1.0 configuration provides a balanced rotor area distribution and solidity value, allowing it to consistently generate greater lift force and torque. Keyword: Oscillating Water Column, Wells Turbine, Ratio Chord Length, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Turbine Performance
Analisis Laju Kristalisasi Es Pada Cetakan Mesin Es Balok
This study aims to analyze the crystallization rate of ice in a block ice machine mold using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based simulation. The research focuses on a variation with the coil temperature set at –20 °C and the initial water temperature at 25 °C. The simulation results indicate that the total freezing time required is 20 hours, which is consistent with the existing conditions of the block ice machine used as a reference. These findings confirm that the operational parameters produce a stable freezing performance, although further optimization remains possible to improve efficiency.
Analisis Heat Input terhadap Geometri Hasil Pengelasan FCAW Menggunakan Finite Element Method (FEM)
Welding is one of the most important processes in the maritime industry for joining metal materials. One of the welding methods commonly used in the maritime industry is Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW). However, there are several challenges encountered in the welding process, one of which is distortion. One of the factors causing distortion in the welding process is heat input. This study aims to analyze the effect of heat input on distortion in FCAW welding results on BKI Grade A steel using the Finite Element Method (FEM) in ANSYS Workbench software with a Transient Thermal and Static Structural approach. Heat input significantly affects the magnitude of distortion, where higher heat input results in greater distortion. This study varied two parameters in heat input: voltage and current strength, with variations of 21V, 110A; 21V, 150A; 21V, 190A; 30V, 110A; 30V, 150A; 30V, 190A. The heat input that produced the minimum distortion value was the 21V 110A variation, which was -0.029303 mm. Therefore, it can be concluded that selecting the appropriate welding parameters is crucial for minimizing distortion in BKI Grade A steel plates.
Kajian Numerik Pengaruh Sudut Outward Inclined Sudu terhadap Kinerja Turbin Vertikal Darrieus sebagai Wave Energy Convertion (WEC)
In 2024, Indonesia implemented alternative energy regulations through President No. 5 / 2006 to reduce dependence on oil imports, with 31% of the renewable energy targets in 2050. As a maritime nation, Indonesia has significant wave energy potential.. The ongoing research focuses on ocean wave energy utilization using Darrieus's vertical turbine to capture horizontal wave energy in shallow waters. Earlier, WEC models had combined Darrieus and Wells with the configuration of the turbine suu turbine to optimize horizontal and vertical energy conversions of the waves, and this research would develop further Vertical Axis Turbine (VAT) Darrieus with a variation of the corner of the turbine to increase efficiency. The method used involves computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze turbine performance via coeffective of power and coeffective of torque. Research is expected to increase the efficiency of ocean wave conversion in Indonesia.
ANALISIS EMISI GAS BUANG PADA FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE MENGGUNAKAN MULTI-FEEDSTOCK BIODIESEL (MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT, MINYAK JELANTAH, MINYAK KEDELAI) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ZAT ADITIF 2-EHN PADA BEBAN 4000 WATT
Meningkatnya emisi gas bahan bakar fosil yang menyebabkan efek gas rumah kaca (GRK) namun emisi juga dapat mengindikasikan kondisi meisn diesel, hal ini mendorong pengembangan bahan bakar alternatif yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan emisi gas yang dihasilkan bahan bakar multi-feedstock biodiesel yang terbuat dari minyak kelapa sawit, minyak jelantah dan minyak kedelai dengan campuran pertamina dex pada four stroke diesel engine. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen laboratorium dengan variasi campuran B40 dan B40 dengan penambahan zat aditif 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2-EHN) dan dengan pengujian emisi gas buang pada putaran engine 1000 RPM, 1200 RPM dan 1400 RPM dengan beban lampu 4000 Watt. Parameter yang diuji adalah titik nyala, densitas, viskositas, angka setana nilai kalor, serta emisi CO, NOx dan SO2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan campuran bahan bakar B40 dengan penambahan zat aditif memiliki performa terbaik yang menunjukkan peningkatan karakteristik dengan angka setana (>59,2 (min)), viskositas menurun menjadi 5,78 cSt, serta emisi CO yang lebih rendah dengan kadar paling tinggi pada 84,89 mg/m³. namun emisi NOx mengalami sedikit peningkatan dengan kadar tertinggi 165,9 mg/m³ namun masih di bawah batas standar baku mutu emisi gas buang, yaitu 3400 mg/m³. kesimpulannya multi-feedstock biodiesel B40 dengan penambahan zat aditif 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2-EHN) memiliki potensi menjadi bahan bakar alternatif yang ramah lingkungan dibandingkan dengan bahan bakar komersil.
Rancang Bangung Sistem Refrigerasi pada Media Supercooling untuk Surface Hardening
In modern industry, metal heat treatment technology is increasingly in demand because it is more economical than changing chemical composition to obtain certain mechanical properties. This study conducted heat treatment on cigarette machine cutting knives made from AISI 4140 alloy steel by surface hardening method using supercooling cooling media. Surface hardening is done by heating the steel to 650°C, then rapidly cooled (quenching) in a salt solution or brine cooled by a refrigeration system to -15°C. The research method includes the design of a refrigeration system and experimental studies related to the heat treatment process. The test results show that heat treatment with 650°C heating and quenching at -15°C produces a hardness of 758 HV or equivalent to 62 HRC from normal hardness 36 HRC, the hardness standards for industrial knives. From the test results and analysis, it can be concluded that the designed refrigeration system is able to produce an effective supercooling cooling medium to assist the surface hardening process. This allows the use of cheaper alloy steel while still achieving high hardness, making it more economical without reducing material performance.
STUDI NUMERIK PENGARUH VARIASI SUDUT DEFLEKTOR DI DEPAN RETURNING BLADE TURBIN ANGIN SAVONIUS MYRING n=1 KECEPATAN ANGIN 6m/s
Many variation models are carried out to optimize the performance of the Savonius wind turbine. From the various variations that have been carried out, there are various ways to optimize the performance of the Savonius wind turbine. In this study, it was carried out by varying the angle of the deflector in front of the returning blade of the Savonius turbine. The experiment was carried out using a Myring Savonius wind turbine n = 1 with a height and diameter of 40 cm, with a deflector of 50 cm long and 40 cm high using a wind speed of 6 m / s. The variation of the angle of the deflector in front of the returning blade was 30o, 35o, 45o, 60o. The study was conducted using numerical simulations with the Computational Fluid Dynamic method. The study obtained the highest value of the Coefficient of Power (Cp) of 0.1807 at TSR 0.8 on a wind turbine without a deflector. The coefficient of power (CP) values show that adding a deflector in front of the returning blade at angles of 30°, 35°, 45°, and 60° reduces Savonius turbine performance by -45.7% at the 30° angle, -30.8% at the 35° angle, -24.8% at the 45° angle, and -22.8% at the 60° angle. This study concludes that adding a deflector in front of the returning blade can reduce Savonius wind turbine performance. This research contributes to the development of more efficient wind turbine designs and can serve as a reference for future studies in the field of renewable energy.
DESIGNING A REFRIGERATION SYSTEM FOR A MINI CRYSTAL ICE MACHINE
The demand for crystal ice cubes in Indonesia continues to increase in line with population growth and high temperatures. This study aims to design and produce a mini crystal ice cube machine with a compact and efficient construction. The mini crystal ice cube machine has a frame measuring 50 cm long, 50 cm wide, and 45 cm high. The cooling system uses a 1/4 HP compressor, R134a refrigerant, and a U6 condenser, and is equipped with a food-grade 304 stainless steel evaporator, making it safe for consumption and for use as an ice mold. This machine is designed to produce 10 crystal ice cubes with a total weight of 90 grams in a maximum freezing time of 15 minutes. The research stages included designing the system to determine the technical specifications and main components, followed by the fabrication process based on the design, as well as testing and performance testing to obtain performance data. The test results were analyzed to evaluate the machine's ability to produce crystal ice cubes as needed. The test results showed that the highest actual COP occurred at 3 minutes at 11.754, while the lowest was at 15 minutes at 4.74. The highest ideal COP value was recorded at 20.12 at the 3rd minute, and the lowest at 7.21 at the 15th minute. This machine is capable of producing 10 grams of ice cubes in 15 minutes per operation.
Strategi Pemeliharaan Berdasarkan Failure Mode Effect and Critically Analysis (FMECA) dan Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) Pada Cooling System Mesin Diesel Daihatsu DK28E MV. Meratus Kapuas
The water cooling system on ships plays a vital role in maintaining the stability of the main engine temperature, ensuring that the engine operates optimally. Failures in this system often result in reduced performance, progressive damage, and the risk of container delivery delays. Therefore, a method is required to reduce the risk of failures in water cooling system components, and the method applied in this study is Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA). This research focuses on developing a maintenance strategy for the cooling system of the Daihatsu DK28E diesel engine installed on MV. Meratus Kapuas. The study conducted through systematic data collection on operational history, failure records, and technical specifications, followed by the identification of failure modes, their effects, and criticality ranking to determine the most critical components. The risk analysis showed that several components such as fresh water standby pump, main sea water pump, lubricating oil cooler, intercooler, gate valve, swing type stop check valve, globe type stop check valve, butterfly valve were categorized as High risk, while components such as the fresh water cooler, filter sea chest, and fresh water temperature control valve were classified as Moderate, and expansion tank, globe valve, engine drive fresh water pump, and lubricating oil cooler gearbox as Low. Based on these findings, appropriate maintenance tasks such as on-condition task, scheduled restoration task, and discard task intervals were recommended. Keyword: Water Cooling System, Main Engine, FMECA, RCM
Desain Sistem Cargo Pump Pada Modifikasi Kapal Coal Barge Menjadi Oil Barge Sesuai BKI Volume III Rules For Machinery Installations
The modification of a coal barge into an oil barge requires adjustments to the cargo distribution system to meet the characteristics of liquid fluid cargo and classification regulations. One of the main components that must be redesigned is the cargo pump system, which plays a vital role in transferring fluid from cargo tanks to storage facilities at ports or to other vessels. This study aims to design a cargo pump system in accordance with the provisions of the Indonesian Classification Bureau (BKI) Volume III on Machinery Installations. The design stages include collecting ship dimension data, calculating pump capacity, selecting pipe diameters and fittings, and validating the system using Pipe Flow Expert software. The analysis results show that the required capacity for the main cargo pump is 324.99 m³/h with a total head of 21.91 meters, while the stripping pump requires a capacity of 50 m³/h with a head of 19.28 meters. This system design is expected to serve as a technical reference in the ship modification process in compliance with safety standards and classification society regulations.
STRATEGI PERAWATAN SISTEM PELUMASAN KAPAL MV. MERATUS KAPUAS DENGAN METODE RELIABILITY CENTERED MAINTENANCE II DAN PENDEKATAN LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS
The main engine lubrication system on a ship serves to protect moving components. If this system does not work optimally, main engine performance will decrease, damage will occur faster, and maintenance and operational costs will increase. Therefore, it is important to analyze the damage of lubrication system components as a preventive measure, reduce the risk of failure, and support long-term strategic planning. This research aims to analyze the function, functional failure, and failure mode of the main engine lubrication system components using the Fault Tree Analysis and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis methods. The optimal maintenance strategy is determined based on the Reliability Centered Maintenance II method, and long-term cost efficiency is calculated using the Life Cycle Cost Analysis approach. RCM II results show LO. Purifier as a critical component, with an RPN value of 288, and the fastest initial maintenance interval compared to other components. The reliability value of LO. Purifier reliability value of 0.618 at t = 300 hours, with a schedule restorating task at 179.433 hours. The results of the cost analysis show that the lowest total cost was reached in the 11th year, namely IDR 117,998,457.55 (2 mechanics) and IDR 130,606,050.61 (4 mechanics). This indicates that the optimal economic life of the lubrication system is 11 years, before considering replacement or rejuvenation. Keywords : FTA, FMEA, Reliability Centered Maintenance, Life Cycle Cost Analysis, Ship Lubrication System
ANALISA PERFORMA FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKAR MULTI-FEEDSTOCK BIODIESEL DENGAN MINYAK SERAI WANGI SEBAGAI ZAT ADITIF
This study analyzes the performance of a four-stroke diesel engine fueled with multi-feedstock biodiesel (palm oil, waste cooking oil, and soybean oil) enhanced with citronella oil as a bioadditive. Three fuel blends (B35, B40, B100) were tested with additive concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% under varying loads (2000 W, 3000 W, 4000 W) and engine speeds (1000 rpm, 1200 rpm, 1400 rpm). Tests included fuel properties (flash point, viscosity, density) and engine performance parameters (power, torque, and brake specific fuel consumption/BSFC). Results showed that adding 0.5% citronella oil to B40 produced the highest power and torque, while the lowest fuel consumption was achieved with B35 at 0.1% additive. Higher additive concentrations did not consistently improve performance and in some cases increased BSFC. All biodiesel blends met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) specifications for tested parameters. Overall, multi feedstock biodiesel with low-concentration citronella oil additive offers an efficient and environmentally friendly alternative fuel, with optimal effectiveness at low additive levels
STUDI NUMERIK PENGARUH VARIASI SUDUT DEFLEKTOR DI SAMPING ADVANCING BLADE TURBIN ANGIN SAVONIUS DENGAN PENGURANGAN PANJANG BUSUR 4 CM
Savonius wind turbine is one type of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT). Despite its advantages, it still has several limitations. Various studies had made to improve and optimize the performance of it but the performance result is not optimum. Based on that condition, this numerical study research was conducted to analyze the effect of deflector angle variations on the turbine advancing blade side, combined with 4 cm reduction in arc length. Numerical simulation was carried out using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method with ANSYS 2020 R2 software, applying deflector angle variations of 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45° at wind speeds of 5, 6, and 7 m/s. The results indicate that the addition of a deflector can enhance Cp and Ct values, with the highest performance achieved at a 45° deflector angle and a wind speed of 6 m/s. This study contributes to the development of more efficient wind turbine designs and can serve as a reference for future research in the field of renewable energy
Numerical Study of the Effect of Blade Inward Inclines on the Performance of Darrieus Vertical Turbines as a Wave Energy Converter (WEC)
This study investigates the effect of blade inward inclined angle on the performance of a Darrieus vertical turbine as a wave energy converter (WEC). Numerical simulations were conducted using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach with OpenFOAM software, utilizing the interFoam model to represent the interaction between fluid flow and turbine structure. Variations were made at a blade inclination angle of 5° and Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) of 0.2 to 0.5. The simulation results show that the increase in TSR is directly proportional to the increase in torque coefficient (CT) and power coefficient (CP), which means that the turbine performance is more efficient in absorbing wave energy. Flow visualization using vorticity and Q-criterion shows vortex shedding at the trailing edge of the blades, which affects the turbine efficiency. The turbine design with an inclination angle of 5° was shown to improve the conversion of energy into rotational mechanical power, making it a promising alternative in sustainable ocean energy utilization.