Proceedings Conference on Marine Engineering and its Application
PERANCANGAN DAN PROSES FABRIKASI HIDROGEN GENERATOR UNTUK PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL (PEMFC) DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI AIR LAUT
The use of hydrogen in storage is widely used for stationary fuel cells, one of which is ship propulsion fuel. Hydrogen can be utilized through a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) which has many advantages, namely more energy yield, higher energy density, no emissions, and no need for recharging compared to using batteries. The Hydrogen Generator testing process will produce 3 variations of quantitative and qualitative data results. The use of a seawater catalyst has the highest efficient value at a percentage of 100% with electrolyzer efficiency reaching 13.36% and the lowest SFC, namely 0.24 kg/kWh. Based on these results, the use of hydrogen Generators for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) needs to be developed.
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Pengaruh Variasi Massa Refrigeran Charge R-134a Pada proses Retrofit Pada Sistem Refrigerasi Dual Function Sebagai Air Handling Unit dan Water Chiller Terhadap Efisiensi Sistem
Dual function refrigeration system at fluid machinery laboratory of the Shipbuilding Institute of Polytechnic Surabaya is a refrigeration system in default use R-12. Currently, the system has been retrofitted with R-134a to replace R-12 which has been banned. When retrofit process, the problem is unidentified about the optimal mass of refrigerant charge in the system. So this project as been conducted as an experiment with several variations of the refrigerant mass charge in the system. The highest value of EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio) of dual function refrigeration system at this experiment is 2,888 was obtained in water chiller mode with 6L/m chilled water flowrate at 470 gram refrigerant mass.
PENERAPAN MACHINE LEARNING DALAM PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE PADA UNIT INTERCOOLER TURBO MESIN INDUK NKK SEMT-PIELSTICK 12PC4-2V-570 PADA KAPAL PASSENGER
Predictive maintenance (PdM) is used to predict when equipment may fail and assist in providing adequate monitoring and maintenance planning before potential future failures. In this research there are several topics of discussion regarding predictive maintenance on the NKK-SEMT PIELSTICK 12PC4-2V-570 main engine turbo intercooler unit on passenger ships including how to model predictive maintenance using machine learning using supervised learning methods, namely decision tree and random forest (rf). Decision tree, then what models and methods have a high accuracy value and finally to get the operating hours of the equipment until it fails. The decision tree approach is used to predict category or class labels and construct knowledge based on training data and labels. Random forest is a collection of decision trees generated from random sample selection with different node splitting rules. This model utilises a subset of the features in each tree, then finds the best threshold to split the data. Through turbo system performance anomalies, the use of machine learning with supervised learning methods can process previously classified data to get output in the form of predictive maintenance. Based on the results of predictive maintenance modelling, the decision tree method is the most accurate method with a ratio of training data and testing data division of 60:40 resulting in the highest accuracy. With MAE value 0, RMSE 0, RAE 0%, TP rate 1, FP rate 0, recall 1, F-measure 1, and Accuracy 100%. By using a decision tree model with a data set comparison ratio of 60:40, predict fututre is performed, the equipment is predicted to fail after operating for the next 3112 hours.
ANALISIS PERFORMA MOTOR DIESEL FOUR STROKE TERHADAP DESAIN HONEYCOMB DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER BERBAHAN GALVANUM
The combustion process in diesel engines can produce particulate matter (PM) which can pollute the air, pose environmental and health risks if not managed properly using a filtering system. To reduce PM emissions in diesel engines, diesel particulate filter (DPF) technology was created, located in the exhaust manifold which has a function to capture particles through filter devices in the system. This research will use the experimental method of making tools and initial testing which will be carried out on the Jiangdong diesel engine with the ZH1115N type with the STC-5 generator. DPF technology uses a honeycomb filter pattern with a mesh variation of 10 mm, 20mm and 30 mm made of galvanized with a reference to diesel engine performance tests using rotation speeds of 1000 RPM, 1200 RPM, 1300 RPM and 1400 RPM with loading variations of 2000 watts, 3000 watts, and 4000 watts. The test results show that the use of DPF can capture PM 4-16 grams, the average power value has increased by 3,37%-10,90% and torque by 3,45%-11,45% compared to diesel engine without DPF. The disadvantage of using DPF is the level of fuel consumption, by using DPF the average value of generator specific fuel consumption (GSFC) in diesel engines has increased in honeycomb patterns of 10 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm by 2,26%-5,89% with the comparison of diesel engines without using the DPF system.
Pendekatan Penurunan Peforma kapal Ferry Ro-Ro menggunakan Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI)
Ro-Ro Passanger ships have a fairly high development can be evidenced in the Ministry of Transportation which records the development of the number of Ro-Ro Passanger ships that are increasing in 2011 - 2022 in this case it does not escape the spread of ship fuel emissions to the environment, therefore the need for regulation in dealing with ship emissions. So that measurements must be developed, measurements are carried out on logistics and the scope of Maritime transportation. This regulation was developed by the IMO to reduce emissions in ships. For This study has a goal, namely to approach the decline in the performance of the Ro-Ro Ferry using the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) approach. This study compares EEOI in Predicted and EEOI in Actual (Recorded), the result from this comparison may be expressed as a representation of hull and propeller fouling and decreased Engine performance. Obtained an error difference value of 6.06%.
KAJIAN NUMERIK PENGARUH PUSH DAN PULL VELOCITY TERHADAP PENYEBARAN DROPLET YANG KELUAR BERSAMA BATUK PADA DOWNWARD PUSH-PULL VENTILATION DENGAN MODEL PENGUAPAN DROPLET
The transmission of Covid-19 is still increasing in many parts of the world, such as Indonesia. The main cause of the increase in this virus is the large number of people in a country who have not received booster vaccinations in various groups. Social Distancing must be implemented so that the virus does not increase. The industry has one reason to implement social distancing. So in this study, there is one solution system that can protect workers when working indoors to reduce the risk of virus transmission, namely air curtains. For this reason, a push-pull ventilation analysis was carried out with a droplet evaporation model using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) and SALOME software and varying the meshing with a value of 0.04 and variations in the Push-Pull ratio speed and distance. From the simulation results obtained at the ratio of the peak cough speed of 0.05Vc with a ratio of 1 Blow nozzle is 0.7813 m/s and Suction nozzle 0.7813 m/s and a ratio of 2 Blow nozzles is 0.7813 m/s and Suction nozzle 0.1526 m/s. that the larger the ratio, the smaller the percentage of droplets that penetrate the air curtain, however if there is an anomaly in the air curtain, the large ratio is unable to hold the droplets as well as with a larger ratio of 0.01Vc.
Kajian Numerik Efektivitas Upward Push-Pull Ventilation dalam Mencegah Penyebaran Virus Terbawa Droplet dengan Model Penguapan Droplet
Disease transmission is mostly caused by airborne transmission of viruses. The risk of contracting the virus will be higher if someone spends time together and stays nearby in the same room with an infected person. Implementing social distancing is very important to limit the transmission of viruses. Still, due to the limited space in the industry, it is difficult to implement social distancing. Therefore, an air curtain is needed to protect workers without reducing their productivity. This Final Project discusses the upward pushpull ventilation effectiveness in preventing the virus carrier droplet transmission using droplet vaporization model. The analysis will be simulated using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. Based on the simulation, it shows that the air curtain has an under suction flow pattern with the largest nozzle blow discharge of 0.0793 m3/s and the largest nozzle suction discharge of 0.3969 m3/s which remains insufficient in preventing all droplets from entering the safety zone.
Analisis Energi Efeciency Exisiting Ship Index (EEXI) Akibat Pertambahan Engine dan Konversi Ro – Ro Vehicle Carrier Menjadi Kapal Ro - Ro Passenger
This study examines the implementation of the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) to limit ship carbon emissions in an effort to achieve zero emissions targets in the future. The analysis was conducted on Ro-Ro vehicle carrier ship with MAN B&W 8S50MC-C engines and Ro-Ro passenger ships with MAN B&W 8S50MC-C engines, plus two Mitsubishi S12R-T2MPTK engines, both operating at 21 knots. The calculation results show that the Ro-Ro Vehicle Carrier ship achieved an EEXI value of 28.55 gr CO2/T-mile, which has met the limit requirement of 32.85 gr CO2/T-mile. Meanwhile, the Ro-Ro Passenger ship achieved an EEXI value of 13.21 gr CO2/T-mile, also below the required limit of 24,072 gr CO2/T-mile. Both ships meet the EEXI criteria, noting that the calculation for Ro-Ro passenger ships uses gross tonnage (GT) as the capacity divisor. This research confirms the importance of EEXI implementation in efforts to reduce carbon emissions in the shipping sector.
ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK DAN ENGINE PROPELLER MATCHING PADA PROPELLER AU5-80 DENGAN VARIASI SUDUT SKEW PADA KAPAL KRISO CONTAINER SHIP (KCS) 230M
Container ships are an important means of water transportation, especially for inter-island shipping. One type of modern container ship is the Kriso Ship (KCS), which was designed in 1997. This ship uses a driving device called a propulsor, which can be either mechanical or non-mechanical. One commonly used mechanical propulsion device is the propeller. The MAU propeller, developed in Japan, is one of the types used on container ships. When selecting a propeller, one must consider thrust, torque, and efficiency, usually measured through the KT-KQ-J diagram in open water testing. Each propeller has different characteristics, so it requires special research. Modifying the propeller skew angle can affect thrust, torque and efficiency. This research shows the optimal skew angle for the AU5-80 propeller is 35° skew, as it produces the best efficiency. The results of this test can later be used as recommendations to students and shipyards about propeller selection.
PENGUKURAN STIFFNESS DAN FREKUENSI NATURAL UNTUK MENILAI RESIKO RESONANSI PADA PONDASI MESIN INDUK
This research discusses the vibration phenomena on the main engine foundation. Mathematic modelling was developed to describe the vibration characteristics. The stiffness component of the main engine foundation is calculated using the combination method of spring, which considers the longitudinal and transversal foundation construction model. The stiffness of the main engine foundation is 2.09 x 108 N/m and the natural frequency is 16.076 Hz. No resonance occurs in the main engine foundation for the engine speed of 240 RPM, 310 RPM, 347 RPM, 360 RPM, 459 RPM (excitation frequency is 3,99 Hz , 5,16 Hz, 5,78 Hz, 5,99 Hz, 764 Hz). The value of natural frequency at specified engine rotation will be beneficial information for the ship crew to minimize the possibility of resonance occurring in the engine room
DESAIN SISTEM KONTROL ALAT PEMBUAT GELOMBANG (WAVE MAKER) UNTUK TIPE PLUNGGER
Abstract - The increasing need for energy and the limitations of fossil reSources encourage research related to the development of oscillating water column (OWC) as a new and renewable energy Source. One of the studies aims to design a wave maker control system and a current control system on a laboratory scale, but in smaller dimensions so that the price is more affordable. The wave maker used is prism-shaped. This device has two types, namely plunger and piston types. To generate appropriate waves, the control system is designed with a closed-loop model. two AC motors are controlled using a variable frequency drive (VFD). Each motor is 10 HP. Five frequency variations are used from 10 Hz to 50 Hz. The simulation results show that the optimum frequency for the AC motors is 50 Hz. Wave measurements are made using a camera with image processing and Visual Studio Code software so that it can provide a very fast response. The wave measurement results show an average wave 0.98 m high, 4.34 m long and 4 waves. If the wave results do not match, then re-measurement will be done to obtain the desired waves.Top of FormBottom of Form Keywords: Wave, Oscillating Water Column, Variable Frequency Drive, Plungger
Respon Getaran Sistem Propulsi Kapal General Cargo 5200 DWT
This research has identified the value of natural and excitation frequencies to resonance. This analysis uses the eigenvalue matrix method with mass and stiffness variables to find the natural frequency value that occurs in the propulsion system. The finite element method is also used to compare the natural frequency values obtained mathematically. The excitation frequency of the system is generated due to the rotation of the main engine. From the modelling results, three natural frequency values were obtained, namely 14.2 rad/s, 36.1 rad/s, and 1291.7 rad/s. The resulting excitation frequency consists of five variations of engine rotation, namely 240 rpm, 310 rpm, 347 rpm, 360 rpm, and 459 rpm. The comparison of the excitation frequency with the natural frequency shows that the propulsion system does not experience resonance. The resulting response values are displacement and velocity, where the most significant response occurs at 347 rpm with a deviation of ±0.1345 mm to ±0.3371 mm and a velocity value of ±4.8847 mm/s to ±12.2424 mm/s. Meanwhile, the slightest response occurs at 459 rpm with a deviation range of ±0.0034 mm to ±0.0050 mm and a velocity value of ±0.1634 mm/s to ±0.2382 mm/s. From all the analysis results, the vibration responses are still below the permissible threshold line, and the vibration of the propulsion system is in the acceptable area.
ANALISIS PERFORMA MOTOR DIESEL FOUR STROKE DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EGR (EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATING) DAN DPF (DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER)
With the increasing demand for transportation modes, especially the use of diesel engines, air pollution is on the rise. Technology is needed to solve this problem. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) are technologies used to reduce emissions and improve engine performance. This study will combine EGR and DPF.EGR valve type is gate valve and DPF filter material made of glasswool with a density of 20 mm. EGR and DPF technology will be applied to a four-stroke diesel engine to analyze engine performance, CO emissions, and PM produced. The study's variations include EGR valve opening percentages of 20%, 35%, and 50%, with engine speeds of 1000 rpm, 1200 rpm, 1300 rpm, and 1400 rpm, and load variations of 2000 watts, 3000 watts, and 4000 watts. Emission test results show that CO and PM increase with incresing EGR valve opening. Performance test results show that use of 20% EGR and DPF can improve power, torque, and GSFC, but use of 35% and 50% EGR with DPF will worsen power, torque, and GSFC. Therefore, use of 20% EGR and DPF is more recommended because it produces better emissions and performance than variation of 35% and 50% EGR with DPF.
ANALISIS PERFORMA DIESEL ENGINE FOUR STROKE DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR)
EGR merupakan komponen sistem yang berfungsi untuk mengurangi gas buang. Penelitian ini mengaplikasikan sistem EGR pada motor diesel untuk menganalisis CO (Carbon monoxide) yang dihasilkan oleh mesin diesel, dengan memilih jenis gate valve untuk mengatur aliran gas. Pengujian dilakukan untuk mengukur performa motor dan analisa kadar CO setelah modifikasi katup EGR tipe gate valve, dengan analisa performa motor untuk mengevaluasi performa daya, torsi, dan efisiensi bahan bakar. Tugas akhir ini berfokus pada tiga hal utama. Pertama, menganalisa pengaruh penambahan Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) terhadap emisi CO yang dihasilkan mesin. Kedua, menganalisa dampak penambahan EGR terhadap performa mesin diesel empat langkah. Ketiga, menghitung pengaruh efisiensi bahan bakar motor diesel ketika menggunakan EGR. Dengan demikian, rumusan masalahnya adalah menganalisa perubahan emisi dan performa mesin akibat penerapan EGR. Variasi pada penelitian ini adalah persentase bukaan katup gas buang yaitu 25%, 50%, 75% dengan putaran motor 1000 RPM, 1200 RPM, 1300 RPM dan 1400 RPM serta variasi pembebanan 2000 watt, 3000 watt, dan 4000 watt. Pada penelitian ini, emisi CO terendah dihasilkan oleh motor dalam kondisi normal, sehingga penggunaan EGR tidak dianjurkan untuk analisis CO. Namun, daya, torsi, dan efisiensi bahan bakar (GSFC) optimal ditemukan pada bukaan EGR 50% pada setiap beban dan RPM.
Analisis Pengaruh Panjang Chord dan Profil Sudu Terhadap Kinerja Wells Turbine Sebagai Wave Energy Converter Dengan Metode CFD
Oscillating water column (OWC) is a device to convert ocean wave energy into electrical energy. The rise and fall of ocean waves will push the air in the OWC column and rotate the Wells Turbine connected to generator to produce electricity. The previous research analyzed the performance of Wells Turbine with NACA 0015 blade profile and 125 mm chord length. The result was the Coefficient Torque (CT) value was not optimum and can still be improved with several variations. Based on this condition, this research was made to optimize and analyze the effect of chord length and blade profile on Wells Turbine used in OWC. The purpose was to determine the most optimum value of CT and CP (Coefficient of power) using CFD method (Computational Fluid Dynamics). Chord length variations used were 100 mm, 125mm and 150 mm. The profile variations are NACA 0012, NACA 0015 and NACA 0018. The result is the chord length and blade profile that produces the most optimum value of CT and CP is NACA 0018 with a Chord length of 150 mm so it can be used in OWC design Keywords: Oscilating Water Coloumn, Wells Turbine, CFD (Computional Fluid Dynamic
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA MESIN DIESEL FOUR STROKE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN VARIASI BAHAN BAKAR
Particulate Matter (PM) adalah salah satu komponen berbahaya dari gas buang mesin diesel yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan. PM dapat mencapai sistem respirasi dan paru-paru sehingga fungsinya dapat terganggu. Untuk mengatasi hal ini digunakanlah alat Diesel Particulate Filter. Perangkat ini bekerja dengan menyaring partikel-partikel padat yang terbawa oleh gas buang melalui saluran pembuangan kendaraan. Dengan adanya penambahan alat ini tentunya akan berpengaruh terhadap performa dari mesin diesel. Penelitian kali ini akan bereksperimen untuk menganalisa unjuk kerja mesin diesel dengan menggunakan variasi bahan bakar biosolar, dexlite, pertamina dex yang ada dipasaran. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan rpm 1000, 1200, 1300, 1400 dan beban 2000 watt, 3000 watt, 4000 watt dalam melakukan pengambilan data performa. Hasil yang didapat dari penilitian ini adalah penggunaan DPF dapat menangkap PM terbesar pada bahan bakar Biosolar 16 gram, diikuti Dexlite 13 gram dan terkecil pada Pertamina Dex 11 gram. Penggunaan DPF dapat menaikkan daya dan torsi, namun penggunaan alat ini dapat berakibat pada kenaikan nilai GSFC. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan nilai daya dan torsi terbesar pada bahan bakar Pertamina Dex dengan DPF sebesar 4075 watt dan 27,80 Nm dan nilai GSFC terkecil pada bahan bakar Pertamina Dex tanpa DPF sebesar 372 gr/Kwh.
KAJIAN NUMERIK PENGARUH SUDUT SERANG DAN SOLIDITY TERHADAP KINERJA TURBIN DARRIEUS UNTUK KONVERSI ENERGI GELOMBANG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PROFIL HYDROFOIL ASIMETRIS NACA 2410
Indonesian regions in some areas have the potential for renewable marine energy so that it can be utilized into clean and environmentally friendly hydrokinetic energy. The energy is divided into 4 namely sea water, sea water temperature, sea water waves, and sea water currents or tides. This research utilizes wave and current energy which is a form of renewable energy and has great potential with very large reserves, so that it can be utilized for electrical energy. Darrieus hydrokinetic turbine as an ocean wave energy converter device. Simulations were conducted to analyze the effect of blade profile on the value of Coefficient of Torque (CT) and Coefficient of Power (CP). In this study, wave data from one of the Southern Java Waters was used which resulted in the highest Coefficient of Torque (CT) value on the blade profile with a variation of TSR = 0.5; ? = 1 and solidity 0.3 angle of attack 10° resulting in a CT value = 0.134 and the highest Coefficient of Power (CP) value on the blade profile with a variation of TSR = 2; ? = 4 and solidity 0.3 angle of attack 10° resulting in a CP value = 0.257.
Prediksi Reliability Sistem Pendingin Ruangan KAL Kadet VIII-08 melalui Simulasi Bootstrap
Patrol vessels are relatively small naval vessels designed for coastal defense and border guarding. KAL Cadet VIII-08 is one of AAL's patrol vessels that has a slightly different function, namely to support the “Sea Week End”. Monitoring ship maintenance, including the air conditioning system, is crucial to maintain the optimality and reliability of the ship. This research focuses on the importance of reliability prediction to schedule maintenance. In this study, failure identification using Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) was carried out and 39 components of the system were obtained. The components are identified into a series and if a failure occurs in a particular component, it causes a failure in the system. The reliability value in this study uses the theoretical analysis method and because there are zero-failure components so that the reliability index is determined by the Bootstrap Resampling method. Furthermore, three critical components were obtained, namely the commander's room seawater condenser, the officer's lounge room seawater condenser, and the member's lounge room evaporator based on the calculation of the component with the smallest reliability value.
Evaluasi Desain Sistem Pemadam Kebakaran pada KMP. Cucut untuk Memenuhi Standar Klas BKI
KMP. Cucut has been surveyed by BKI and the results show that the vessel does not meet the fire fighting system standards, because KMP. Cucut only has 1 fire pump, no emergency fire pump and also an insufficient number of hydrants. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct this research to evaluate the existing fire fighting system. The method used in this research is to evaluate the existing P&ID, then make a new P&ID recommendation for the fire fighting system in accordance with BKI Class. Isometric 3D modelling was made to show the piping arrangement of the fire suppression system easily. Calculations need to be done to determine the required pump data. Then the calculation results were obtained for the head losses value of the fire pump of 88 m and the pump capacity of 25m³/h. So that the results obtained pump specifications for fire fighting with centrifugal type, Ebara brand, ENR 40-250 Ø225 model, Head 88 m, capacity 25 m³ / hour. In addition, the same calculation is also carried out for the emergency fire pump, the head losses value of the emergency pump is 70 m and the emergency pump capacity is 0.4 m³ / minute. So that the pump specifications for emergency fire are obtained with a centrifugal type, Ebara brand, FS2JA model 65 x 50, Head 70 m, capacity 0.4 m³/min.
PERENCANAAN POMPA MAIN FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM PADA KAPAL PENUMPANGPERENCANAAN POMPA MAIN FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM PADA KAPAL PENUMPANG
Analisis Resonansi Shaft Propeller Pada Kapal Ro-Ro Passenger 7756 GT
This research, the natural frequency and excitation frequency values for resonance have been identified. The analysis was carried out using the eigenvalue matrix method, where the mass and stiffness variables are used to determine the natural frequency values in the propulsion system. In addition, the finite element method was also applied to compare the natural frequency values obtained mathematically. The excitation frequency in the system is generated from the main engine rotation. The modeling results show three natural frequency values, namely 0.3379 rad/s, 4.6663 rad/s and 82.0225 rad/s. The resulting excitation frequency comes from four variations of engine rotation, namely rpm, 65 rpm, 100 rpm, 106 rpm, and 115 rpm. From the comparison between the excitation frequency and the natural frequency, it is known that the propulsion system does not experience resonance
Desain dan Analisis Teknis Jalur Sistem Perpipaan Domestic Supply Pada Kapal Penumpang Refurbish
The Refurbished Passenger Ship is a passenger and freight ship operating on the Kupang - Rote shipping route. It was built in Japan in December 1980 with Class NK, then inaugurated by PT ASDP Indonesia Ferry in March 2021 with Class BKI. In April 2021, the ship sank due to the impact of high waves in a tropical cyclone storm at Bolok Harbor, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. This incident made it necessary to change the piping system line on the ship. This system is specifically designed to meet the needs of clean water in a maritime environment involving storage tanks, water pumps and pipelines. In the context of domestic supply and discharge sanitary system pipelines for new buildings, the first step involves mapping the design and installation of sanitary infrastructure, including the selection of materials suitable for the maritime environment. The design should also consider compliance with maritime regulations, space efficiency, and integration of modern technologies for improved sanitary system effectiveness and lower environmental impact. This research will result in a fresh water tank volume requirement of 27.25 m3, main pipe diameter of 65 mm fresh water and 50 mm sea water.
Pemodelan Matematis Pondasi Generator Pada Kapal Pariwisata 15 Meter
Vibration is a mechanical system's response to an excitation force. This final assignment uses mathematical modeling to investigate vibrations in the ship's generator foundation. The initial study searches for the value of stiffness, natural frequency, and excitation frequency because they influence the value of vibrations in the generator foundation. Mathematical equations must be solved using Matlab software to determine the acceleration amplitude. Measurements taken with a vibrometer and software computations must be checked against the acceleration amplitude value using a MAPE range of 0 to 50 percent. This mathematical modeling creates vibrations values in the form of vibration response equations, which may be utilized to create graphs with Matlab software. The vibration response graph contains two versions. 1275 and 1500 RPM. Based on the calculation results, the velocity amplitude is obtained sequentially at 1275 RPM and 1500 RPM with EPY Resin damping material 5.7 mm and 6.43 mm, at 1275 RPM and 1500 RPM with ST3 Steel damping material 5.8 mm and 6.42 mm. According to ABS standards, acceleration is recommended below 126 mm/s² and possible damage above 285 mm/s² and velocity is recommended below 4 mm/s and possible damage above 9 mm/s. The results of this vibration response analysis can be used as a reference in ensuring the vibration of the foundation is safe.
Analisa Getaran Dengan Redaman Pada Yacht 15 Meter
PENERAPAN MACHINE LEARNING DALAM PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE PADA UNIT L.O COOLER MESIN INDUK NKK SEMPT – PIELSTICK 12PC4-2V-570 PADA KAPAL PASSENGER
Predictive maintenance (PdM) is a type of maintenance that is used to predict when a part of equipment or system fails and assist in planning maintenance in advance of potential future failures. Maintenance can be applied based on the equipment condition using Condition Based Monitoring (CBM). Condition Based Monitoring (CBM) is maintenance performed by monitoring equipment conditions using sensors, software, or the Internet of Things (IoT). The monitoring results are then analyzed to determine whether a condition occured indicating damage or not, using predictive maintenance. In this research, predictive maintenance is applied to the L.O cooler unit on the main engine to predict failures on the unit based on engine log sheet data derived from the engine operational condition. The application of predictive maintenance is carried out using the results of modelling from artificial intelligence, namely machine learning with supervised learning type and the classifications used are Support Vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression. Based on the results of the ratio and method evaluation, it is found that the logistic regression method with a ratio of 90%:10% is the most accurate method as evidenced by the MAE, RMSE, RAE, and Accuracy values of 0.0012, 0.035, 0.631% dan 99.877%. The results of predictive maintenance modeling obtained that the LO cooler is predicted to fail when 3292 hours of operation.
ANALISIS BEBAN DAN TEGANGAN SHAFT PROPELLER PADA KAPAL LCT 460 GT
In the operation condition, the propeller shaft is subject to a combined load of torsion moment, bending moment and axial thrust force. Paying attention to the fact that the propeller shaft must sustain the load, work optimally, and last longer is essential. This research aims to determine the torque, thrust, and stress acting on the shaft on the propeller shaft at engine speed conditions of 1500, 1800 and 2000 RPM. The types of stress investigated are axial, bending, and torsional. The stresses are calculated using the finite element method and compared to the manual calculation method. The torques of the propeller shaft are 8,793,841.18 N-mm (at 1500 RPM), 7,328,200.99 N-mm (at 1800 RPM), and 6,595,380.89 N-mm (at 2000 RPM). The trusses of the propeller shaft are 29,258.5 N (at 1500 RPM), 25,990.3 N (at 1800 RPM), and 24,188.9 N (at 2000 RPM). The axial stresses are 5.0 Mpa (at 1500 RPM), 4.4 MPa (at 1800 RPM), and 4.1 Mpa (at 2000 RPM). The bending stresses are 62.150 MPa, and the shear stress value is 69.72 MPa (at 1500 RPM), 58.097 MPa (1800 RPM), and 52.29 MPa (2000 RPM). All stresses in the propeller shaft are below the allowable stresses.
STUDI NUMERIK PENGARUH PROFIL SUDU TERHADAP PERFORMA AXIAL FAN 445 MM
Axial fans are often used in industrial fields. The axial fan needs are higher than the centrifugal one, so there are more and more local companies produce the fan. However, many producers ignore their performance and are more concerned with large-scale production. Based on this case, 3D modelling simulations based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) of axial fans were carried out to analyse the effect of blade profile to the flow coefficient (Cp) and power coefficient (?) values. Simulations were carried out by using symmetrical and asymmetrical blade profiles. The final results show that the best flow coefficient (Cp) and power coefficient (?) on symmetrical blade profiles are ? = 0.09454436 on NACA 0008 and Cp = 0.011033747 on NACA 0012. In the asymmetric blade profile, the best value obtained is ? = 0.124312977 in NACA 6412 and Cp = 0.012551278 in NACA 6408. Existing fan that uses NACA 6409 produces ? = 0.14682861 and Cp = 0.007272471. Therefore, the most optimum axial fan is the existing fan with NACA 6409 blade profile.
PERENCANAAN PROPELLER DAN ENGINE PROPELLER MATCHING PADA KAPAL PENUMPANG AKIBAT PERGANTIAN MESIN INDUK
The passenger ship on the Kupang - Rote route underwent modification or re-building due to sinking at Balok Harbor, East Nusa Tenggara in 2021. So it is necessary to change the propulsion system on the ship. Starting from the above problems, planning for the selection of a new main engine will be carried out so that a matching point is obtained between the hull, propeller, and the power of the new main engine. The first step is to calculate the resistance manually (Harvald) and use maxsurf software. The next step is the calculation of power requirements (Brake Horse Power) to adjust to the availability of the main engine. Based on the calculation, the resistance value is 132.777 kN. The total main engine power requirement is 1128.1111 kW or 1512.2136 HP. The calculated power obtained is below the availability of the selected main engine power, namely MAK 1140 kW. After propeller selection, a propeller type B4-85 with a diameter of 2.27 meters, an efficiency of 0.620 and no cavitation was obtained. At the time of the trial, it produced a power of 83,77% at 100% Rpm, while the service produced a power of 87,96% at 100% Rpm.
PERANCANGAN INSTALASI PEMBUAT GELOMBANG UNTUK PERAIRAN DALAM, MENENGAH DAN DANGKAL PADA TANGKI UJI ARUS-GELOMBANG MULTIFUNGSI
To study the phenomena and mechanisms behind ocean wave formation, simulations of wave generation are essential. Therefore, designing a wave maker for a multifunctional wave-current test tank is a necessary step. The objective of this study is to develop a versatile wave maker capable of generating waves at three different water depths: deep, moderate, and shallow. The wave maker will be used in a test tank with dimensions of 6 m x 2 m x 1.2 m for deep and intermediate water, and 21 m x 2 m x 1.2 m for shallow water. The wave maker uses a plunger type drive system for deep water and intermediate water and piston type for shallow water. This research uses calculation and modeling methods to get the wave maker design results to make waves with maximum criteria and shapes at a depth of 0,38 m for deep water, 0,3 m for intermediate water and 0,1 m for shallow water. From manual calculations, the results obtained are 5 to 10 number of waves with a maximum wave height of 0,127 m in deep water, 0,683 m in intermediate water, and 0.996 m in shallow water. Wave maker exciter design modeling produces a triangular prism shape in the plunger type and a beam plate in the piston type.
Studi Numerik Pengaruh Jumlah Sudu dan Sudut Serang Terhadap Performa Axial Fan
Axial fan is mostly used in ships and shipyard. Since there are many requests of it from ships or shipyard, it encourages local entrepreneurs to make their own axial fans. Unfortunately, the axial fans used had no values of pressure, discharge, efficiency and so on. Its performance is also influenced by number of blades and angle of attack. Therefore, a research in the form of simulation was conducted to determine the effect of blades and angle of attack number to axial fan performance. The variation number of blades is 7, 8, and 9. The variation angle of attack refers to the previous research i.e. 35° and 40°. Simulation of axial fans are carried out using 3D modeling based on CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). It is done to know the flowrate and power coefficient values on the axial fan. The final result is the most optimum flowrate and power coefficient values are in the variation of 7 blades and 35° angle of attack so that it can be developed to improve the local axial fan performance.
STUDI NUMERIK PENGARUH PERUBAHAN SUDUT MASUK DAN SUDUT KELUAR BLADE TERHADAP PERFORMA AXIAL FAN 445MM
The use of axial fans for air handling units on ships is still widely used because axial fans produce higher flowrates than centrifugal fans when pressure requirements are relatively low. Many companies produce axial fans but they do not care about the resulting performance. As a result, the flowrate requirements for air handling units are not met. Now many domestic companies are developing axial fans to maximize the performance of axial fans.To maximize the performance of the axial fan, several modifications are made. Many modifications are made such as modifying the blade inlet and outlet angles, the number of blades, blade profiles. In this study, modifications will be made to the inlet angle and outlet angle of the airfoil. The airfoil inlet angle will be increased by 1° and reduced by 1° while the airfoil outlet angle will be increased by 1° and reduced by 1°. In this study, 3D modeling was carried out using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method.After modifying the inlet and outlet angles on the axial fan, the most optimal variation is to increase by 1° the outlet angle of the trailing edges because it has a relatively large flow coefficient and power coefficient value.
KAJIAN NUMERIK PENGARUH SOLIDITY TERHADAP KINERJA TURBIN SUMBU VERTIKAL DARRIEUS UNTUK KONVERSI ENERGI GELOMBANG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PROFIL HIDROFOIL SIMETRIS NACA 0024
With the increasing demand for electricity and concerns over global warming driving us to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, we are exploring ocean-based energy solutions. By exploiting the kinetic power of seawater, we can convert wave energy and ocean currents into electricity. The Darrieus turbine serves as the main tool in this process, converting kinetic energy into mechanical energy, which can then be converted into electricity. In this study, variations solidity of 0.3 and 0.15 were used on a Darrieus turbine with a symmetrical hydrofoil profile NACA 0024 with a turbine diameter of 1m to produce power coefficient. The highest Coefficient of Power (CP) values were obtained on the NACA 0024 symmetrical blade profile angle of attack 5° and solidity 0,3 which is equal to CP = 0,325.
Simulasi Perpindahan Panas Pada Area Rolling Mill Plate 1 Project Menggunakan Finite Element Method (FEM)
Three-phase electric motors often experience overheating, which can affect their performance and reliability, especially in industrial applications. This overheating is usually caused by inefficient heat transfer between machine components such as the motor, shaft, and rolling plate. This study analyzes temperature distribution and cooling load in the rolling mill plate system using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Simulations were conducted with various meshing sizes (150 mm, 210 mm, 300 mm, 400 mm, and 500 mm) to evaluate their impact on temperature and cooling efficiency.The simulation results show that meshing size affects steady-state temperature and cooling rate, with the highest temperature recorded at 150 mm meshing and the lowest at 500 mm meshing. At 500 mm meshing, the component temperature decreased from 1000°C to 216°C, and the cooling load was reduced from 599 W/m² to 225 W/m². These findings indicate that larger meshing sizes provide more efficient cooling, highlighting the importance of meshing size selection in thermal analysis. This study supports the design of more optimal cooling systems to prevent overheating and improve the operational efficiency of electric motors.
STUDI NUMERIK PENGARUH SUDUT SILINDER PENGGANGGU DI DEPAN RETURNING BLADE TURBIN ANGIN SAVONIUS DENGAN FIN TYPE MYRING n=1
In previous experimental studies, Savonius wind turbine research has been carried out by adding fins and disturbance cylinders in front of the returning blade using the myring n = 1 equation, the performance is proven to increase. The method used is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to validate the experimental results, knowing the value of coefficient of torque (Ct) and coefficient of power (Cp). The simulated Savonius wind turbine has a diameter ratio (ds/D) of 0.4 and a spacing ratio (S/d) of 1.7 and uses angle variations of 45o, 50o, 55o, and 60o. The wind speed variation is 6 m/s. The best performance of the turbine occurred at an angle variation of 60o in front of the returning blade and wind speed of 6m/s. The percentage increase was 30.31% with a Coefficient of Power (Cp) value of 0.422 at a TSR of 0.8, compared to a turbine without a disturbance cylinder.
Studi Numerik Pengaruh Variasi Jarak Stagger Silinder Di Depan Returning Blade Terhadap Performa Turbin Angin Savonius Dengan Fin Tipe Myring n=1
Improved Savonius wind turbine performance was achieved by incorporating a fin type myring n = 1 with varying cylinder stagger lengths ahead of the returning blade. 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation research constituted the next set of tests. In addition to verifying the experimental data, the simulation allowed us to visualise the turbine flow, calculate the coefficients of torque and power, and check the results. Turbine dimensions were 0.4 m in diameter and 1 m in height, and the fin type was myring. Stagger cylinders with S/D values of 1.4, 1.7, 2.0, and 2.3 varied in distance. When comparing Savonius wind turbines with myring n=1 and no stagger cylinder, at a distance variation of S/D = 1.4, the final result shows that the former has the biggest performance improvement, at 4.04%. At a tip-speed ratio (TSR) of 0.8, the coefficient of power (Cp) is 0.3371.
PERBANDINGAN PENGGUNAAN (EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATING) DAN (DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER) TERHADAP PERFORMA MOTOR DIESEL FOUR-STROKE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN VARIASI BAHAN BAKAR
Diesel motor technology has developed rapidly with innovations and additions of devices to improve efficiency and be environmentally friendly by reducing exhaust emissions. The use of the latest technology such as Exhaust Gas Recirculating (EGR) is a system used to reduce exhaust gas by circulating some of the exhaust gas from the exhaust manifold to the intake manifold with the addition of a valve to regulate the amount of exhaust gas flowed and. Diesel Particular Filter (DPF) is a component located in the exhaust manifold that has a function to capture particles through a filter device in the system. EGR and DPF system will be applied to analyse the performance of diesel motor. Variations in this study are fuel (Bio Solar, Dex Lite, Pertamina Dex) used in the exhaust gas recirculating (EGR) system with a valve opening of 50% and Diesel Particular Filter (DPF) with motor speeds of 1000 RPM, 1200 RPM, and 1400 RPM, loading variations of 2000 watts, 3000 watts, and 4000 watts. The result of this test, the lowest CO emissions are produced by normal condition motors on Pertamina Dex fuel with a value of 246 PPM. In this research, the maximum power and torque values were obtained on Pertamina Dex fuel with EGR of 4.34 kW and 29,62 Nm and a GSFC value of 339 gr/Kwh.
DESAIN DAN ANALISIS TEKNIS SISTEM PENDINGIN MAIN ENGINE PADA KAPAL PENUMPANG REFURBISH
The Refurbished Passenger Ship is a passenger and freight ship operating on the Kupang - Rote shipping route. Built in Japan in December 1980 with NK Class, then inaugurated by PT ASDP Indonesia Ferry in March 2021 with BKI Class. In April 2021, the ship sank due to high waves from a tropical cyclone at Bolok Harbor, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. So it is necessary to change the piping system line on the ship. As is the case with the main engine cooling system. On this refurbished passenger ship has a closed main cooling system, this cooling system has two media, namely fresh water and sea water media. The design of this cooling piping system aims to make the system run optimally. This system is specifically designed to meet the cooling needs of the passenger ship's main motor by involving pumps and pipes. In this study, the type of galvanized steel material was obtained with pipe diameters of 250 mm and 150 mm and resulted in a pump head of 25.3 m with an effective power of 30 kW and Heat Exchanger Specifications with a heat transfer surface of 30.332 m2.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PERFORMANCE PADA FOUR STROKE ENGINE MENGGUNAKAN MULTI-FEEDSTOCK BIODIESEL (MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT, MINYAK IKAN SALMON, EKSTRAK KULIT MANGGIS) DENGAN MULTI- FEEDSTOCK BIODIESEL (MINYAK CASTOR, MINYAK LEMAK SAPI, MINYAK CANOLA)
Abstract - Petroleum-derived fuel oil (BBM) is the main source of energy The large use of petroleum makes petroleum supplies diminish, this is because petroleum has a very important role in the field of transportation and industry. Biodiesel, as an environmentally friendly alternative, is attracting attention with its increasing trend of use. Although biodiesel has many advantages such as being environmentally friendly and reducing emissions, it also has a negative impact on engine performance. Studies show that biodiesel can affect emission characteristics and engine performance, especially when compared to conventional diesel fuel. Therefore, this study addresses the performance comparison of multi-feedstock fuels, such as (palm oil, salmon oil and mangosteen peel extract) with multi-feedstocks, such as (castor oil, tallow oil and canola oil), blended with HSD (Pertamina dex) to become B20, B35 and B100 fuels. The fuels were tested on a four stroke diesel engine with 1000 watts, 2000 watts and 3000 watts of lamp loading with engine speed variations from 900 rpm to 1000 rpm, providing a deeper understanding of diesel engine performance and efficiency.
Kajian Eksperimen Pengaruh Variasi Sudut Deflektor di Depan Returning Blade Terhadap Performa Turbin Angin Savonius Dengan Persamaan Myring n=1
Indonesia has wind energy potential of 970MW, which allows wind turbines to generate electricity. Savonius wind turbines are suitable for it because they can be operated at low wind speed. Many studies had been conducted to improve the performance of these turbines. Additional deflector could enhance the performance of overlapping Savonius wind turbines, but additional deflector plates with Myring n=1 has not been tested yet. This experimental study involved adding a deflector of 50cm long and 40cm high in front of returning blade with Myring n=1. The deflector angles are ?= 30°, 35°, 45°, and 60°. Variation of wind speeds are 5m/s, 6m/s, and 7m/s. The study aimed to determine the turbine performance after adding deflector in terms of coefficient of torque (Ct) and coefficient of power (Cp). The results indicated that adding the deflector and varying its angles in front of returning blade with Myring n=1 Savonius wind turbine doesn’t perform better than without any deflector. There are a decrease in the coefficient of torque (Ct) by 30% to 95% and also in the coefficient of power (Cp) by 33% to 98% at a wind speed 6m/s.
STUDI NUMERIK PENGARUH SUDUT STAGGER SILINDER DI DEPAN RETURNING BLADE TURBIN ANGIN SAVONIUS DENGAN SUDU OVERLAP BERPROFIL MYRING n=1
In the previous experimental studies, additional overlap using Myring equation n=1 and variations in the cylinder stagger angle in front of returning blade of Savonius wind turbine could not display flow visualizations such as velocity contours, streamline velocity, and pressure contours. Based on these conditions, this numerical study was conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamics method. The simulation is performed to validate the experimental results, determine the coefficient of torque (Ct), coefficient of power (Cp), and visualize the turbine flow. The diameter and height of the turbine used are 400 mm with an overlap ratio of 0.3. The stagger angle variations of cylinder are 45°, 50°, 55° and 60° with 6 m/s wind speed. The best turbine performance occurs at a stagger angle of 60°, with an increase up to 19.39% of CP value compared to the Savonius wind turbine with Myring overlap n=1 without a stagger cylinder, with a Cp value of 0.394 at Tip Speed Ratio of 1.
PERHITUNGAN FREKUENSI EKSITASI UNTUK MENGHINDARI TERJADINYA RESONANSI PADA KAPAL GENERAL CARGO 6088 GT MENGGUNAKAN METODE MAPE
This research analyses the vibration of the main engine foundation by using a mathematical modelling method to determine the stiffness and natural frequency. The initial analysis is performed to find the value of natural frequency, which is calculated in two ways: manual calculation and analysis using finite element software. The results of the two natural frequency calculation methods were then validated using the MAPE method. Before finding the natural frequency, deflection and stiffness calculations that affect the vibration response of the main engine were carried out. The stiffness value is used to find the natural frequency. The result of the stiffness value is 9.71 x 107 N/m, the natural frequency from manual calculation is 7.563 Hz, and the natural frequency from software analysis is 7.804 Hz. The validation shows a difference between manual calculation and software analysis of 3.19%. These stiffness and natural frequency values can be used to prevent resonance, thereby increasing the efficiency and life of the machine.
ANALISIS EMISI PADA FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE DENGAN MULTI-FEEDSTOCK BIODIESEL (MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT, MINYAK JELANTAH, MINYAK BUNGA MATAHARI)
The analysis of exhaust emissions in a four-stroke diesel engine with biodiesel from several feedstocks such as palm oil, used cooking oil, and sunflower oil is an important study an effort to reduce negative impacts on the environment. This study aims to evaluate the use of biodiesel from various sources as an alternative fuel for four-stroke diesel engines. Exhaust emission analysis involves monitoring the concentration of gases such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and particulates.This study aims to show that the use of multi-feedstock biodiesel can provide significant reductions in exhaust emissions, especially NOx, CO, and HC. This can be attributed to the different chemical properties of biodiesel compared to conventional diesel fuel. The use of biodiesel can also help reduce dependence on fossil resources and provide a more environmentally friendly alternative. Thus, this study provides valuable insights into the potential use of multi-feedstock biodiesel in reducing exhaust emissions in four-stroke diesel engines, supporting efforts to achieve sustainability goals in the industrial and transportation sectors against pollution and the environment.
ANALISIS PERFORMA FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE DENGAN MULTI-FEEDSTOCK BIODIESEL (MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT, MINYAK JELANTAH, MINYAK BUNGA MATAHARI)
Petroleum is the main source of energy in everyday life, especially in the transportation sector. However, with the decreasing availability of petroleum, alternative renewable fuels, such as biodiesel, are needed. This research focuses on the production of multi-feedstock biodiesel using esterification and transesterification methods using palm oil, used cooking oil, and sunflower oil as feedstocks, as well as NaOH and methanol catalysts. Palm oil is abundant and economical in Indonesia, making it an affordable and readily available option. Used cooking oil, which is widely available as waste, can reduce waste and lower biodiesel production costs. Sunflower oil, although more expensive, has good physical and chemical properties for biodiesel, thus improving the quality when blended with other oils. These biodiesel blends were then mixed with HSD (Pertamina Dex) to produce B20, B35, and B100 fuels. Tests were conducted on a four-stroke diesel engine with lamp loads of 2000 watts, 3000 watts, and 4000 watts and engine speed variations of 1000 rpm, 1200 rpm, and 1400 rpm. The test results showed that B100 (100% multi-feedstock biodiesel) had the highest power and torque values at all variations, indicating the most optimal working performance. On the other hand, Pertamina Dex produced the lowest gsfc values at all variations, indicating the best fuel efficiency.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN PLENUM CHAMBER PADA DESAIN SISTEM VENTILASI DAN SALURAN UDARA KAMAR MESIN KAPAL FERRY RO-RO 100 M
The engine room ventilation system is very important to maintain the temperature in the comfort zone of the engine room. Plenum chambers are mostly applied to ventilation systems and air ducts in land-based buildings. Numerical method was used to investigate the flow characteristics with the addition of plenum chamber in the engine room air duct using Ansys 18.1 software. The air capacities obtained were 85,095 m3 /h for the main engine, 14,720 m3 /h for the auxiliary engine, and 9,501 m3/h for the emergency auxiliary engine. The air duct design separates the portside and starboard side, resulting in a blower capacity of 60,000 m3/h. The 3D modeling design included in the analysis of the Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD) method shows that the Plenum chamber can help homogenize the flow. With the k-epsilon turbulence model, visualization of streamline velocity, velocity before and after entering the plenum chamber and visualization of pressure along the air duct were obtained. The results with the addition of plenum chamber the air flow rate at inlet 1 increased by 0.0604 kg/s, the average velocity increased by 0.11 m/s and the maximum velocity increased by 1.006 m/s. And with the addition of the plenum chamber, the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) value ranges from 1.98e-03 m2/s2 to 1.82e+02 m2/s2, smaller than the TKE value of the air duct without a plenum chamber, which ranges from 1.76e-03 m2/s2 to 1.97e+02 m2/s2
Analisis Karakteristik Dan Engine Propeller Matching Pada Propeller DTMB 4119 Dengan Variasi Jumlah Blade Pada Kapal Combatant 142 Meter
Maritime security issues in the 21st century require a DTMB (David Taylor Model Basin) 5415 combatant ship with complex armament, high speed and efficiency. minimizing energy consumption while generating appropriate power within the warship's desired speed range. Propellers are a major component in warship design. The DTMB 4119 Propeller is selected as a modern type of Propeller because of its suitability for high-speed and high-efficiency ships. This study analyzes thrust, torque, and efficiency with variations in the number of blades. by using modeling software and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation software. Propeller comparison on variations of 3, 4 and 5 blades, to get propeller recommendations with the best results then look for Engine selection and calculate Engine Propeller Matching (EPM). Simulation results, the increasing number of blades with the same area, the greatest thrust and torque values are generated, namely 2302509.3 N and 2633061.6 Nm on 5 blades at J 0.83. Then, the greater the thrust or torque value, the better the propeller performance. For efficiency, the largest value is at 3 blades J 0.83 of 0.735. Then, the greater the thrust or torque value, the better the propeller performance. For efficiency, the largest value is at 3 blades J 0.83 of 0.735. in 4 engines selected with Twin screw 2 engines for speedan 18 kN patrol and 2 engines for a maximum speed of 27 kN.
PERENCANAAN BALLAST PIPING SYSTEM PADA KAPAL PENUMPANG REFURBISH
If the ship's skin (ship plate) is damaged or leaks, it will cause seawater to enter the room or compartment of the ship. This lasts until a new balance of the ship occurs or until the ship itself sinks due to water ingress. And also the negative stability of a ship that has negative stability does not have the ability to straighten back, which causes the ship to tilt again and can even become upside down. From this case, an adequate ballast system is needed. In the context of updating the ballast piping system lines, it starts with mapping the design, including the selection of materials suitable for the fluid in the pipe. The design must take into account compliance with class regulations, space efficiency, in order to increase system effectiveness and reduce environmental impact. This research includes calculating the requirements for ballast tanks, bilge line specifications, pump selection, and manual headloss analysis. The results show that the required ballast tank volume is 462 m3, with a main pipe diameter of 100 mm and branch pipes of 80 mm and sch 40. as well as the required pump power of 15 kW, which is calculated from the overall calculation results.
PERANCANGAN DAN KAJIAN TEKNIS STEERING GEAR SYSTEM DENGAN CYCLOIDAL GEARBOX PADA KAPAL IKAN AUTOPILOT
This final project was created because there is no autopilot module for small vessels less than 24 metres in length. Generally, the steering system uses hydraulics which consists of many complex components. With the introduction of the Cycloidal gearbox, the current problem can be overcome as this gearbox simplifies the installation process and reduces the number of components. The use of an autopilot aims to improve the vessel's ability to locate and identify fish more efficiently, either automatically or with the assistance of the steering wheel. This research involves the design and technical analysis of a steering system using a Cycloidal Gearbox on an autopilot fishing boat. An experimental method was used with variations of 10 : 1, 15 : 1, and 40 : 1 ratios for comparison. The main results show that the minimum torque of the stepper shaft is 393 Nm, the minimum power of the stepper is 11.77 Watts, the best gearbox ratio is 10 : 1 with the highest torque reaching 7,555 Nm, and the gearbox efficiency is 61.73%. The estimated production cost of the prototype with 3D printing technology is around Rp1.661.000,00.
STUDI NUMERIK PENGARUH RASIO DIAMETER SILINDER PENGGANGGU DI DEPAN RETURNING BLADE TURBIN ANGIN SAVONIUS MYRING n=1 DENGAN FIN
A previous experimental study showed that additional fin with various diameter in front of returning blade of Savonius wind turbine with myring n=1 could increase its performance. However, flow visualization techniques like velocity contours, velocity Streamline and pressure contours couldn’t be seen. Therefore this research utilized Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software with 3 dimensional model to visualize its flow and enhance the turbine performance. The study focused on the turbine with myring n=1. The additional fin diameter and height are 40 cm. The simulations were conducted with different variations of stagger diameter i,e. ds/D = 0.4 ; ds/D = 0.5; ds/D = 0.6; ds/D = 0.7. The wind speed was 6 m/s. Simulation were carried out to find out the best value of Coeficient of Torque (Ct), Coeficient of Power (Cp), and also visualize the turbine flow. The best result is in the cp value of 0.367 at tsr 0.8. It means that the turbine performance increases 11.59 % compared with no stagger on diameter variation of ds/D = 0.4.
PERENCANAAN BILGA PIPING SYSTEM PADA KAPAL PENUMPANG REFURBISH
According to statistics collected by the KNKT, sinking ships are included in the most shipping accidents in the last 5 years, which are at risk of happening again, so we must explore what causes ships to sink. One of them is leakage, if the ship's skin (ship plate) is damaged or leaks, it will cause seawater to enter the room or compartment of the ship. This lasts until a new balance of the ship occurs or until the ship itself sinks due to water ingress. And also negative stability (Unstable Equilibrium) a ship that has negative stability when stinging does not have the ability to straighten back, even the stinging angle will increase, which causes the ship to tilt again and can even become upside down. Or a condition when the ship tilts due to external forces, there is a moment called the moment of succession or healing moment so that the ship will tilt even more. and the method of work begins with the calculation of the tank capacity and piping system after which the drawing is drawn after that the drawing is applied to the real form. And from this case, an adequate ballast system is needed. And in this study described the redesign planning and analysis of bilge and ballast systems on ships where the output is in the form of P&ID and 3D modelling designs and pump specifications in accordance with BKI provisions.
PENJADWALAN PERAWATAN PADA SISTEM PENDINGIN MAIN ENGINE KAPAL TSHD KING ARTHUR 8 DENGAN PEMODELAN DINAMIKA SISTEM
The Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger is a dredger that can solve problems that often arise in port shipping channels, namely sedimentation or silting. TSHD ships are expected to be able to carry out their functions without failure, where all aspects that influence failure must be anticipated, especially failures in the main engine cooling system. Therefore, in this research, maintenance scheduling was carried out on the main engine cooling system components of the TSHD King Arthur 8 ship by identifying failures using Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), calculating component and system reliability values, and modeling system dynamics (dynamic simulation) using Powersim Studio software. After that, determine the maintenance scheduling strategy based on the most optimum maintenance cost analysis. From the research results, it was found that there were 12 components that caused the failure of the ship's main engine cooling system, of which one component, namely the fw cooler, had the lowest reliability value of 0.60007 at 720 hours. Based on the results of system dynamics modeling, a preventive maintenance strategy is more effective for the components of globe valve ps, strainer ps, globe valve sb, strainer sb, sw pump, fw pump, thermostatic valve, inlet water main pipe, outlet water main pipe, water cooled insulation cover, and expansion water tank because the costs incurred are lower than corrective maintenance. Meanwhile, for the fw cooler component, corrective maintenance was chosen because the costs incurred are lower than preventive maintenance.
Kajian Eksperimen Pengaruh Variasi Letak Deflektor di Depan Returning Blade Terhadap Performa Turbin Angin Savonius dengan myring n=1
Indonesia has a high wind potential of 6-8 m/s and potentially to be utilized as a power plant. Savonius wind turbines can be utilized for this function. Previous studies had shown that additional deflector in front of returning blade can improve turbine performance, but it is was not optimum yet. Thus, this experiment was conducted by placing a deflector plate in front of returning blade with Myring n=1. The variation of deflector location to the Y axis is 0 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm. The wind speed variation is 5 m/s, 6 m/s, and 7 m/s. The diameter and height of the turbine is 40 cm, the length of deflector is 50 cm, and the angle is ?=450. This experiment was conducted to determine how the deflector location affects the Coefficient of Power and Coefficient of Torque. The result shows that the best performance improvement of the turbine occurs at a deflector location of 20 cm with a wind speed of 6 m/s. The best value of Coefficient of Power is 0.2295 and the Coefficient of Torque is 0.8515. The percentage of Coefficient of Power increase 43.456% and Coefficient of Torque is 52.255% against the Savonius wind turbine with Myring n=1 without any deflector.
MODIFIKASI SCROLL COMPRESSOR UNTUK DIFUNGSIKAN SEBAGAI TURBIN PADA PROTOTYPE SISTEM OTEC
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a type of power plant that utilizes the temperature difference between seawater at the surface and seawater at a depth of 1 km. Although suitable turbine components are not yet available, this type of power plant aids in the exploration of alternative energy sources. Addressing these issues, this research focuses on the creation and development of an OTEC system by creating a prototype of the OTEC system. The study involves designing a simple prototype simulation of the OTEC system by replacing the turbine component with a scroll compressor and then modifying the compression chamber and motor. The results of the prototype OTEC system research showed a COP value of 4.099, an OTEC system efficiency of 24.33%, and an electrical power output of the prototype OTEC system of 0.0048 VA
Analisis Karakteristik Dan Engine Propeller Matching Pada Propeller Gawn Dengan Variasi Sudut Skew Pada Kapal Kombatan 142 Meter
This research discusses the DTMB 5415 which is recommended by the ITTC as a research vessel related to ship resistance and propulsion. The propeller is a key component in the design of the vessel, with the Gawn series chosen for its suitability for high-speed combatant vessels. Modification of the skew angle on the propeller can affect the fluid pressure and load. Analysis of propellers on fast ships shows superior efficiency. This study aims to analyze the difference in performance of the Gawn propeller on Kombatan ships after modifying the skew angle using ANSYS software and the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. And Engine Propeller Matching (EPM) is the focus to find the optimal operating point between engine speed and propeller load. The most optimum propeller is the gawn skew 45 propeller because it has the highest thrust coefficient value of 0.2603 at J 0.6 compared to other variations and the highest efficiency of 0.6894 in calculations from simulation results. And the EPM calculation produces an intersection of the thrust coefficient value of 0.09 and the highest efficiency of 0.655 compared to other variations. Then calculated the operational matching point of the 45 gawn skew propeller, the power absorbed into the propeller is 87.92% of the maximum power of the main engine.
RANCANG BANGUN PENGGUNAAN KOMPRESSOR TORAK SEBAGAI POMPA DALAM PROTOTYPE SYSTEM OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (OTEC)
Abstract - Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is a renewable conversion system that uses seawater as fuel. OTEC overcomes the problem of global warming and electricity scarcity. with this problem, the development of OTEC prototypes is carried out by designing simple prototypes. This research focuses on the OTEC prototype system and pump, the pump used is a type of piston compressor according to the availability in the lab. fluid, the initial design makes a cooling system by simulating the seabed 5-10 ? and simulating the seawater surface of the OTEC system temperature ranging from 25-30 ?. This research is expected to develop knowledge, power value and obtain a suitable pump and with the effect of variations in the output valve opening of the multistage compressor pump on the efficiency produced by the OTEC system.
Analisis Karakteristik Dan Engine Propeller Matching Pada Propeller Gawn Dengan Variasi Jumlah Daun Pada Kapal Kombatan 142 Meter
Kapal DTMB 5415 direkomendasikan oleh ITTC sebagai kapal penelitian terkait tahanan dan propulsi kapal. Propeller Gawn Series, dapat diaplikasikan pada kapal perang khususnya kombatan. Modifikasi jumlah daun pada propeller dari penelitian yang pernah dilakukan dapat meningkatkan nilai thrust pada propeller. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengkaji hambatan kapal kombatan,kemudian menghitung daya engine dan karakteristik tiap propeller dengan metode CFD yang variasinya adalah 3 blade,4 blade,dan 5 blade untuk dilakukan engine propeller matching guna mencari kesesuaian antara daya dan kecepatan pada main engine dengan propeller. Hasilnya nilai thrust dan torque yang dihasilkan meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah daun pada titik j yang sama, sedangkan nilai effisiensi yang dihasilkan mengalami penurunan seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah daun pada titik j yang sama. Hasil dari perhitungan EPM didapatkan titik operasi(matching point) yang menghasilkan kecepatan yang optimum diperoleh pada variasi propeller 5 blade dengan kondisi putaran engine 550 rpm,dengan pembebanan daya sebesar 93,88 % kecepatan kapal dapat mencapai 28 knot, dan pada variasi propeller 5 blade dengan kondisi putaran engine 400 rpm,dengan pembebanan daya sebesar 94,4 % kecepatan kapal dapat mencapai 18 knot. Sehingga dipilih propeller gawn 5 blade.
Kajian Eksperimen Pengaruh Berbagai Sudut Deflektor Di Samping Advancing Blade Turbin Angin Savonius Dengan Myring n=1
Indonesia had a big potential for wind energy to be changed into electrical energy. Savonius wind turbine is one type of turbine that can convert wind energy into electrical one. Various previous studies had stated that additional deflector can improve the turbine performance. The coefficient of power (Cp) and coefficient of torque (Ct) values can still be increased to be optimum. This experiment used a turbine with a diameter of 40 cm and a height of 40 cm with myring n=1. The deflector length is 50 cm and height is 40 cm. The wind speed variations are 5 m/s, 6 m/s and 7 m/s. The angle variations used are 15o, 30o and 45o. The deflector is placed next to the advancing blade with Myring n = 1. After the experiment ended, the result shows that the best value of Cp is 0.270 at TSR (tip speed ratio) 0.587. It is obtained at an angle of 15O. The best value of Cp is 0.689 at TSR 0.119 and obtained at an angle of 45O with 6 m/s wind speed.
STRATEGI PERAWATAN KOMPONEN PADA SISTEM BAHAN BAKAR TB. PACIFIC JAYA 2 DENGAN METODE RELIABILITY CENTERED MAINTENANCE
The main engine plays a crucial role on a ship, as the vessel cannot operate if the engine is not functioning, which can lead to significant financial losses for the company. To prevent or minimize the risk of failure, it is essential to maintain the main engine's support systems, particularly the fuel system. ReliabilityCentered Maintenance (RCM) is a method used to select, develop, and implement alternative maintenance strategies based on operational, economic, and safety criteria. Using the RCM method, the optimal maintenance strategy for the main engine fuel system, including cost considerations, can be determined.In the RCM method, functional and functional failure analysis, failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), and decision tree diagram analysis are conducted to establish the maintenance strategy. The maintenance strategy derived from the RCM method includes various approaches, such as on-condition tasks for components like the fuel oil pump (electric), fuel oil transfer pumps (mechanical), fuel injection pumps, nozzle injectors, gate valves, and quick-closing valves. Scheduled restoration tasks are recommended for the motor fuel oil transfer pump, while scheduled discharge tasks are suggested for ball valves, non-return valves, emergency quick-closing valves, quick-closing valves, and fuel water separators.
Analisis Karakteristik Dan Engine Propeller Matching Pada Propeller B5-80 Dengan Variasi Sudut Skew Pada Kapal Kriso Container (KCS) 230m
The issue of fuel usage occurs a lot on today in large ships, including the KCS ship. And the B5-80 propeller was chosen as the object because it has good efficiency and performance. the skew angle modification is carried out on this propeller to reduce the pressure on the propeller. the high skew angle is believed to increase efficiency compared to conventional propellers. In addition, engine propeller matching is carried out to find the optimal operating point between engine load and propeller rotation. epm calculation aims to achieve the planned service speed. Purpose of this research received the perfoemance of the propeller and KCS ship with the best efficiency so that it can reduce fuel use in the world, CFD simulation is used as an analysis method as a description of fluid distribution flow to obtain propeller performance with variations in skew angle, thereby obtaining propeller recommendations with the best skew angle and optimal epm calculation.
Studi Numerik Kavitasi dan Performance dari Propeller DTMB 4119 dengan Metode Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD)
The propeller with its working principle is to convert rotational power into thrust in a fluid such as water or air. The propeller leaf functions like a wing, generating a force based on Bernoulli's principle and Newton's laws of motion, which creates a pressure difference between the front and rear surfaces. This pressure difference causes cavitation, which is the formation of gas bubbles on the propeller leaf. Cavitation can damage the propeller leaf material and reduce efficiency, resulting in reduced thrust. This study analyzes the effect of cavitation on the performance of DTMB 4119 propeller using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based software. The results show that the thrust coefficient and torque coefficient increase, but the efficiency of both propellers and their variations decrease as cavitation increases.
Kajian Eksperimen Pengaruh Sudut B=15º dan Variasi Panjang Deflektor di Sisi Advancing Blade Terhadap Performa Turbin Angin Savonius Dengan Myring n=1
The Savonius turbine is a simple vertical-axis wind turbine with low operating speed but it can capture wind from any direction. In the previous studies, variations in the addition of deflectors can improve the turbine performance, but its increase was not optimum yet. In this time, the addition of deflector length variations on the advancing side of the turbine blade with Myring n=1 was carried out. The deflector length variations were 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm. The wind speed was 5 m/s, 6 m/s, and 7 m/s. Both the diamater and height of the turbine are the same i.e. 40 cm and the deflector angle was ?=15o. The result is the best performance improvement of the turbine occured at a deflector length of 20 cm and wind speed of 6 m/s. The increase percentage of it was 72.85% for coefficient of power and 28.30% for coefficient of torque to the turbine with myring n = 1 without any deflector.
KAJIAN EKSPERIMEN PENGARUH PANJANG DEFLEKTOR YANG DIPASANG 45° DI DEPAN RETURNING BLADE TURBIN ANGIN SAVONIUS DENGAN MYRING n=1
Indonesia has 154.9 gigawatts (GW) wind energy so it is potential to be utilized as a power plant. Savonius wind turbines can be used for this function. In the previous research, additional deflector can improve the performance of Savonius wind turbine but it is not optimum yet so another experiment must be carried out. The angle used in the experiment is ? = 45° with a deflector width of 0.4 m. The length variations are (L) = 0.1 m, 0.2 m, 0.3 m and 0.4 m in front of returning blade with Myring n = 1. The wind speed variations are 5 m/s, 6 m/s and 7 m/s. It is conducted to find out how deflector length affects to the coefficient of power (Cp) and coefficient of torque (Cm). The best results from the experiment were obtained at a deflector length of 0.1 m and speed of 6 m/s if it is compared to the other variation
STUDI NUMERIK PENGARUH VARIASI RASIO DIAMETER STAGGER SILINDER DI DEPAN RETURNING BLADE TURBIN ANGIN SAVONIUS TIPE OVERLAP MYRING n=1
The coefficient of power Savonius wind turbine improved in experimental studies that added overlap using myring equation n = 1 and variation in the stagger cylinder diameter ratio in front of the returning blade. This research is in the form of a numerical study using the 3-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. In this simulation, the solver chosen is pressure based with a transient time model. Simulations were carried out to determine the value of the coefficient of power the turbine. The turbine has the same diameter (D) and height of 0.4 meters with the addition of overlap myring n= 1. The variation stagger cylinder diameter (ds) ratio (ds/D) 0.4; 0.5; 0.6; 0.7. The final results show that the performance of the turbine at a ratio diameter stagger cylinder 0,4 can achieve the highest increase of 11% compared to the Savonius wind turbine without a stagger cylinder with the coefficient of power (Cp) of 0.298 at Tip Speed Ratio 0.8.
Desain Pondasi Konversi Internal Combustion Engine Pada Mesin Outboard 3 PK Matsumoto Menjadi Electric Drive
Peningkatan biaya bahan bakar fosil dan pencemaran lingkungan telah mendorong perhatian para peneliti pada abad ke-21 terhadap energi alternatif. Sumber energi alternatif yang efisien adalah yang berbasis langsung dengan listrik, dimana pemerintah, akademisi, dan sektor swasta semakin terlibat dalam pencarian sumber energi berkelanjutan. Indonesia memiliki banyak sumber energi terbarukan, seperti matahari, angin, dan air, yang membuatnya menjadi lokasi penting untuk pengembangan dan pemanfaatan sumber energi terbarukan baru. Penggunaan mesin outboard konvensional masih mendominasi di Indonesia yang menyebabkan dampak buruk bagi lingkungan. Mesin outboard konvensional selain boros, juga menghasilkan emisi berlebihan yang mencemari lingkungan laut. Penggunaan mesin 2 langkah dengan karburator juga terbukti lebih merugikan yang diperkirakan mengeluarkan 4.5 kali lebih banyak emisi daripada mesin outboard 2 langkah yang menggunakan sistem injeksi. Untuk mengatasi dampak negatif ini, konversi mesin outboard konvensional menjadi Outboard berbasis motor listrik tersebut adalah salah satu solusi yang potensional dan dapat diterapkan. Konversi ini mempertimbangkan konsumsi bahan bakar, efisiensi energi, nilai ekonomi, ketersediaan bahan bakar, dan emisi. Namun, dalam melakukan pengkonversian tersebut maka perlu penyesuaian pada pondasi mesin outboard sebelumnya untuk menanggung beban dinamis maupun beban dinamis yang dihasilkan oleh motor listrik selama pengoperasian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan desain pondasi optimal untuk konversi mesin outboard 3 pk menjadi penggerak motor listrik. Fokusnya mencakup ketahanan struktur, Safety factor dan redaman motor listrik dengan merancang pondasi yang optimal. Dengan membandingkan mesin konvensional dan motor listrik, penelitian ini bertujuan menyusun panduan desain pondasi yang memenuhi persyaratan teknis dan yang lebih ramah lingkungan, efisien, dan mendukung tujuan keberlanjutan energi maritim.
ANALISIS UNJUK KERJA TERHADAP FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE DENGAN BAHAN BAKAR MULTI-FEEDSTOCK BIODIESEL (MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT, MINYAK JELANTAH, MINYAK KEDELAI)
The use of diesel fuel, a finite alami resource, will eventually reach its limits. As a result, finding alternative fuels like biodiesel has become crucial. Biodiesel is renewable and typically sourced from biological materials such as plants and animals, offering a more eco- friendly alternative. Common feedstocks for biodiesel production include palm oil, used cooking oil, and soybean oil. In this study, these three oils were converted into biodiesel through esterification and transesterification processes and then blended to create multi- feedstock biodiesel. This biodiesel was mixed with HSD ( Pertamina Dex) to produce fuel blends of B20, B35, and B100. The characteristics of these blends, such as flash point, density, and viscosity, were tested, revealing that B100 biodiesel met the quality standards specified by SNI. Additionally, B100 biodiesel exhibited the highest power and torque, whereas Pertamina Dex demonstrated the most efficient fuel consumption. The tests were performed on a four- stroke diesel engine with lamp loads of 1000 watts, 2000 watts, and 3000 watts, and engine speeds ranging from 1000 rpm to 1400 rpm.
Perancangan Kontruksi dan Wave Breaker Pada Tangki Uji Multifungsi Arus-Gelombang
There has been a lot of researches on Oscillating Water Column, but the studies of their potential or feasibility installed on the beach are limited. However, research that examines the standard size of the prototype tank to produce a combination of 2 laboratory-scale current and wave simulation tools has not been found. Based on these conditions, this final project was carried out to obtain the design of the tank and wave breaker in the test tank. The initial stage begins with calculating the hydrostatic pressure, the weight of the tank in the fluid and sloshing. The result of the stage is the test tank has dimensions of 6x2x1.5 m using 20mm thick acrylic material. The foundation stiffener uses H beam material with a dimension of 300x300mm. The hollow profile used for the longitudinal stiffener has a dimension of 132x132mm. E6013 type welding wire with a tensile stress of 206 kN is used for welding in the fabrication. Based on wave breaker calculation at deep water, the mass is 18.424kg, and at intermediate water, the mass is 3.625.
PERANCANGAN INSTALASI PEMBANGKIT ARUS MODULAR PADA TANGKI UJI ARUS-GELOMBANG MULTIFUNGSI
A modular current generator is a device used to generate current in a test tank using pump as a fluid distributor. The flowing current in the test tank can be used to drive a water turbine to produce electrical energy. Research and testing on ocean waves and currents in Indonesia are still limited due to high cost. Based on these conditions, the design of a modular current generating device in a laboratory-scale wave-current test tank was carried out. Calculation was done first to determine its flow rate, pump specifications, and turbulent filter dimensions. Based on it, the design was carried out on a test tank with dimensions of 6 x 2 x 1.5m. The flow velocity is 0.02 m/s with a Reynolds number = 200000 including the transition flow from laminar to turbulent. The pump used is a centrifugal pump, KSB Etanorm 125-100-200, which can deliver fluid with a capacity of 170 m3/h, power of 5 kW and a rotation speed of 1450 rpm. The motor is KSB B3 Type Of Construction, 4-Pin 132 M with a power of 7.5 kW and a torque of 47.73 Nm. A honeycomb-shaped (hexagonal) turbulent filter was also installed to reduce the turbulent influence on the flow.
PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBUATAN HIDROGEN GENERATOR UNTUK BAHAN BAKAR PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL (PEMFC) DENGAN VARIASI KATALIS NaOH, NaCl , DAN CaOH2 SERTA BENTUK ELEKTRODA
A battery is an energy source consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections to power electrical devices. The use of batteries has several disadvantages such as having a lifespan, chemical waste and having to be refilled. Therefore, the use of hydrogen is a fuel cell system. offers many advantages. This includes higher energy yield, greater energy density, zero emissions and no need to recharge. The first step in operating the tool is to prepare the catalyzed water, then prepare the electrodes which are connected by electricity. The hydrogen produced will be filtered and entered into the PEMFC device to be converted into electrical energy. This research aims to design and study a Hydrogen Generator Fuel Cell system with a focus on the quality of hydrogen production with variations in catalyst and electrode shape. The results include metrics such as electrolyzer and fuel cell efficiency, power density, break-even ratio, and specific fuel consumption (SFC). The highest electrolyzer efficiency was achieved using a NaCl catalyst with a hollow rectangular electrode, showing a value of 1,61%.
ANALISIS SISTEM TRANSMISI KONVERSI INTERNAL COMBUSTION PADA MESIN OUTBOARD 3 PK MATSUMOTO MENJADI ELECTRIC DRIVE
Outboard engine konvensional di era saat ini masih marak digunakan, khususnya di wilayah Indonesia. Penggunaan Outboard Engine konvensional dapat memberikan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan, misalnya pencemaran air laut akibat dari kebocoran bahan bakar dan minyak dari Outboard Engine. Untuk mengantisipasi hal tersebut, solusi alternatifnya adalah mengkonversi Outborad Engine konvensial menjadi motor listrik. Penelitian ini berfokus pada sistem transmisi yaitu sistem yang berfungsi untuk mengkonversi torsi dan kecepatan (putaran) dari mesin atau penggerak awal menjadi torsi dan kecepatan yang berbeda – beda untuk diteruskan ke penggerak akhir. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan identifikasi karakterstik sistem transmisi khususnya kekuatan material yang digunakan pada komponen sistem tersebut. Komponen – komponen tersebut perlu disesuaikan dengan karakteristik motor listrik. Dengan hal ini, dapat membandingkan kekuatan material yang digunakan dan perencanaan komponen sesuai dengan karakteristik motor listrik. Penelitian ini menggunakan Software ANSYS dengan bantuan fitur FEM (Finite Element Methode) atau analisis statik terhadap komponen dan material yang digunakan. Dari hasil simulasi statis dari software Ansys didapatkan nilai tegangan bending, tegangan kontak, dan safety factor setelah dikonversi menjadi motor listrik secara berturut – turut adalah 9429,62 MPa, 1764,9 MPa, dan 2,85 ul Selisih prosentasi hasil perhitungan manual dengan hasil simulasi statis didapatkan <10% yang artinya desain sudah baik serta meshing sudah baik.
PENINGKATAN UNJUK KERJA SEAPLANE PADA SAAT TAKE OFF
A seaplane is a type of aircraft designed to operate both on water and on land. Similar to conventional airplanes, seaplanes undergo several processes before taking off, with takeoff being a critical moment influenced by various factors such as speed, runway length, center of gravity, and the aircraft's lift capability. Since a seaplane uses water as its runway, this study investigates the addition of fins to the underside of the seaplane to potentially enhance its lift during takeoff on water and to observe the effects of adding a 100 kg engine on lift performance. The study utilizes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method, modeling two phases: water and air. Three models are analyzed: a seaplane with wings, a seaplane with wings and fins, and a seaplane with wings, fins, and an added 100 kg load. The simulation results indicate that the seaplane with the added fin has a significantly improved lift force compared to the seaplane without the fin, with an increase of 276% when in the water. Additionally, as the fin is submerged deeper into the water, the lift force generated also increases.
Perencanaan Dan Fabrikasi Sistem Propulsi Mini Sumber Penggerak Baterai (ACCU) Sebagai Alat Bantu Renang Atau Snorekeling
The electric propulsion system in this system is a useful system to facilitate movement in water. Using an electric motor as a driving source supplied by a battery (ACCU). Which is packaged using a watertight box to protect the motor and drive source from water. The components used in this propulsionelectric system use watertight components, so that they can function optimally when used for snorekeling. Using 4 inch PVC pipe. Effective electrical power using a 12 VDC 6 Ampere Hours (AH) accu voltage source with 72 watts of power. The electric motor as a driving device uses a 12Volt DC motor with a maximum power of 400 Watts. The propeller shaft uses PA material with a diameter of 10 mm and is lightweight and does not rust when used. For the propeller using stainless alluminum material with a plate 2 mm thickness 3 leaves with a diameter of 5 inches. The basic working principle of this tool is to convert electrical energy from the battery into rotational energy in the motor, then the motor rotation is coupled with the propeller shaft used to rotate the propeller, which will ultimately produce thrust to the user.
ANALISIS PERFORMA FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKAR MULTI FEEDSTOCK (MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT, MINYAK IKAN SALMON, EXTRAK KULIT MANGGIS)
In the era of globalization, the automotive industry is experiencing rapid development, including in Indonesia. The increase in the number of motorized vehicles in the country causes serious problems such as congestion, high fuel consumption and air pollution. Fuel oil (BBM) from petroleum is the main energy source, but it also has environmental impacts. Biofuel (BBN) or biodiesel, as an environmentally friendly alternative, is attracting attention with the trend of increasing its use. In this research, the three raw materials are combined and will produce biodiesel which is called multi feedstock biodiesel and will be mixed with Pertamina Dex to become B20, B35, and B100. Then it will be tested on a four- stroke diesel engine with engine speed variations of 1000, 1200, 1400 rpm and load variations 2000 watts, 3000 watts, 4000 watts. And from several biodiesel samples, from the performance test results, it is known that B100 fuel is the most optimal in producing the required power, torque and gsfc values when testing a four-stroke diesel engine.
Prototipe Safety Device Sebagai Sistem Monitoring dan Proteksi Pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap Dengan Metode Decision Tree
One of the problems that occurs in power plants, mining and shipping industries which are equipped with boilers and plants with high pressure and temperature working principles is the occurrence of overtemperature, overpressure and water flow control due to several factors such as the lifetime of the equipment and its protection which is not optimal, the need for supply inappropriate air and inadequate manual protection capabilities, thereby reducing safety performance from both mechanical and electrical factors. The effects of overtemperature, overpressure and water flow control on high-pressure and high-temperature devices such as boilers in power plants, autoclaves in the metallurgical, mining and oil industries, as well as governors or main engines in maritime transportation, especially ships, can trigger dangers such as decreasing the quality of protection, fires, Steam leaks and explosions can even result in death. The solution offered is a Safety Device Panel, which is a panel that has a monitoring and protection function with temperature, pressure and air supply parameters in the steam vessel whose size can be determined according to the requirements of the high pressure and temperature equipment and the air requirements to produce steam. The systematic function of this panel is guided by the temperature and pressure parameters with a comparison set-up according to the original conditions used to contact the Relay coil which is connected to the buzzer/alarm and the ignition power source line (burner) as a warning and automatic disconnection ( automatic shutdown) on equipment to reduce the risk of accidents in accordance with K3 (Occupational Safety and Health) principles using the decision tree method. In this study produces a percentage error from the temperature, pressure and air discharge sensor readings without The output in sequence is 3.82 percent, 2.31 percent n and 3.98 percent and the sensor readings are able to produce percentages with output in sequence, namely 20 percent, 13.3 percent and 6.67 percent. Conditioning the system for good safe conditions, high temperature, high pressure and danger obtained accuracy in sequence, namely 0 percent, 10 percent, 0 percent and 0 percent. So that the integrated system conditioning and sensor readings are able to produce an average boiler prototype efficiency of 92.54%, generator power of 20.21 J/sec, generator energy of 25.26 J/sec, turbine energy of 7.58 J/sec and turbine output energy of 17.68 J/sec.
Prototipe Sistem Standby Sumber Listrik dengan Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) Berbasis Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) dan Human Machine Interface (HMI)
Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) is used as a technology to switch the power source from PLN to Genset in case of power outage. Currently, the activation of the Genset is still done manually. The standby power source system is connected to a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Human Machine Interface (HMI), to facilitate control and without activating generator manually. The standard delay time for activating the generator based on the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 110 Standard for Emergency and Standby Power System is a maximum of 10 seconds. When the source from PLN goes out, the Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) will switch the lever from the PLN position to the Genset and will activate the Genset. When the PLN source is on, the Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) will switch the lever from the Genset position to PLN and will disable the Genset. The time used to switch the power source from PLN to Genset auto mode is 4.93 seconds and manual mode is 5.35 seconds. The time used to move the power source from Genset to PLN auto mode is 0.91 seconds and manual mode is 1.42 seconds.
Gianni Masyitah Dwi Arimbi Puteri Yassin
Rancang Bangun Sistem Kontrol dan Monitoring Suhu Transformator Berbasis PLC dan PID
Temperature control of transformer is important aspect in maintaining the performance and life of transformer. This research purpose a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) based control approach and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) method to keep the temperature within safe and optimal limits. The PLC-based approach is used to control the system automatically, and enables efficient supervision. The system consists of temperature sensors that monitor the transformer's environmental conditions. PLC as the brain of the system that processes the data, and actuators to regulate the coolant in the transformer. The system consists of transformer, temperature sensor, PLC, HMI and other components. In previous research, the transformer control system that uses an IOT-based control system uses Arduino. In this research, the transformer control system uses PLC and HMI.. The realisation of the transformer temperature control system using this PID controller was made and tested for effectiveness at a setpoint value of 300C with a motor speed of 500rpm. It shows that the motor energy used is only 33% of the highest motor energy. The integration between PLC-based control and PID method can be an effective solution to automatically manage transformer room temperature, improve operational efficiency, and extend transformer life by minimising the risk of failure due to uncontrolled temperature.